*A*M
A $ 4 75 New Z09kMk) HZ $ 6 50
va S i»,4S Hong Kong H S2150
MMysift M $ 9*5 SwwMn SOt'SEK
$2.95i»a
*
#
Motorola 68020
6809-68008-68000-68010
MacWatch p.25
What Is FORTH? p.22
C User Notes p.12
Basically OS-9 p.17
Software User Notes p.7
IMS Review p.36
Unsqueezed p.26
volume Vlll ISSUE IX • Devoted to the 68XX User • September 1986
"Small computers Doing Big Things"
,+7*
H
m&
V % ,
. v*
^*t
09
1 : I ♦ »
n^
GESSBS-4 $316*
1 MHz 6809 CPU
Sockets tor up to 32 Kbytes EPROM
Sockets tor up to 16 Kbytes CMOS RAM
One RS 232 serial poit
40 TTL Bidirectional I/O lines
4 x 16-blt timers
SOFTWARE
05 9* , POOS* , CP/M 68K" , Editor-Assembler, Baslc-Paacal-C compilers, FORTH.
GESMPU-14 $636*
8 MHz 66010 CPU
Optional 32061 arithmetic unit
Sockets tor up to 126 Kbytes EPROM
One RS 232 serial poit
4 x 6 bit timers
Real-time clock/calendar and battery
GESMPU-4A $316*
6 MHz 66000 CPU
Sockets tor up to 126 Kbytes EPROM
Sockets tor up to 64 Kbytes CMOS RAM
One RS 232 serial port
Three 16- bit timers
]5E
USA • CANADA
100 West Hoover Ave.
Mesa, AZ 85202
Tel. (602) 962-5559
Telex 386575
INTERNATIONAL
3,chemin des Aulx
CH-1228 Geneva
Tel. (022) 713400
Telex 429989
* 100 Pl«« qiUMIUM
@)ia angloano
Irvriemaik of Motorola Inc.
BOARDS & PARTS FOR GIMIX SYSTEMS
CONTACT GIMIX FOn PniCES, DETAILS, AND REOUIRMENTS FOR HARD DISK AND OTHER MASS STORAGE UPGRADES.
S?
«
3
IHI CIMII CLASST CHASSIS 111 corwrtti el I *m*rT**V*
cjteacl. constant roLtgn t«f /o rrmrnanJ poww supply, and SSSO MoMrjr
bo?d wttbavd rata i)«««jtsr board 11498.11
12} I rip* (fctt Htgablw Card Ill 21
111 RjuO Rale Gtflrfaler Board Ill II
12) MrsikHj Cycle Oel«H» S3* 2)
112 »*n Wait ,114.92 SO Ml Option SUN
Oble teis 8" wNh Back Panel connector 129.25
torltreB edtrrral drives 144 II toltMV'drfcn 134 II
CPU BOARDS
ill cmx m cnj t OS I cm ii tiltl.ii
hi cut hi cm • umritx m Jim It
\u ioi emu tin rius cpu iwf t i57i n
Oattnt CIMIX0A1 ... IHM KIU 1312.00
SWIPOal ... SiS.OO 9512 S2IS.00
11)6800 CPU S224 0)
JOiCftOOCPUw/Ttoaii . SHIM
6800 Baud Rare Option . Ml 1)104
FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER
WOMA SMI.H
MEMORY BOARDS FOR 6809/68020 SYSTEMS
112 256KB CMOS SIAIIC RAM board
with (Mlttry back up (specily system) 1846.71
MEMORf BOARDS (6800/6609 SYSTEMS ONLY)
134 «K PIWM Card IN. J*
1)2 16 SocMI FROM/ROM/RAM Beard. 24 p*» 1231.32
Ml 16 Socku Universal Memory Board. 24/28 pin 1211.31
INTELLIGENT I/O PROCESSOR BOARDS
sigMlrcanlry rcduci systems overhead by hand*«j rsuttr* [fH Irmt-
tom. Ireetng tfrt nasi CPU tar running user programs. IM> tmpromt
•vtiil system performance and arWi user rtrmrnalj to be rue il up to
19 7K baud for »» "Hi CMX III and 070 system.
1 1 1 J Fori Serial M Ptn (OS9I S4M.11
114 ) Porl Serial -30 Pbi(UnlFlEX) 1411.14
1 12 ParaM SO Pin lUnlFlEX 020) SJ3I.11
I 13 4 Porl Ser lat SO Pfci (059 4 UraFLf X-020) SS1I.1I
• IS 2*X Version ol 111. with etuwr large Input or
eutoui Pullers (soedry ) SMI. 1 S
I/O BOARDS (GB00/6B09 SYSTEMS ONLY)
141 Serial. 1 Peal 111.41
113 Serial. 2 PMl 1121.41
141 Serial. 8 Porl (0S9/FIEX oflfy, 1111.41
141 Parallel. 2 Perl SII.I2
l44PariW. 2Porl|Cereree«;s»lr«uf> till 44
MS P»at*l. I Port (0S9/FLEX only) Iltl.41
151 I/O tot RS 232C. 42). 422.ur/6S50 S244.fl
152 SSOA vntk 6852 S2S4.S2
154 AOIC irtk 6854 1211.54
CABLES FOR I/O BOARDS - SPECIFY BOARD
195 r^r*idU|1nr*tfrjd pet porl) 124 »
151 Cent 6 P Cltto lor 112 1 144 S34.S1
IS) Cut. Cabas Sel 134.5)
OTHER BOARDS & PARTS
lit Prototyping Board 50 Pin SSI (I
1)3 prototyping Board- 30 Pin • S3I 3)
WMdiush EPROM Programmer SM (0S9/FIFJI 6B09 only) . ... 1545. 00
1 76 Video Board 80 1 24 1391.71
III Reliy ttrfcw Package 11121.81
IH Above wUtowl Relay* 1431 II
Opto Board 1)41 IS
.3" SHOO
.2" 19.00
8" DRIVE CABINET & PARTS
2 B" OSOO Drives. Cabinet & Cables 60 Hi enty 1 1191 N
CaMrvjlOrtrr lot «• Drive S84l.il
220v/5O Hi OpUott Add 130.08
Cable Sel • inlernal lot 2 Drives 144.12
Cable Sel Internal tor 4 Drives 1(7 14
Cabtofteml'Cab. totbWrame S4S.I1
I" Fttor Plato 114.1)
SOFTWARE:
GIMIX eickiirv* versions et 0S-9/GMX I. II. ill & HEX ire tor Gimix
hardware only Al versions m QS-9 require Ihe 161 conlrotVar. wnm
ordered with controller. FlEX Is 139.00
GIMIX versions el FLEX 190.00
GMXV0tSkhirFlEX09 1100.03
GMXIUS: PROMl I Mtrmi SI4I.CS
Boot or Video/Boot PROMS (6009) 131.00
GIMIX Boot PROM lor UNIFLEX 130.00
RMS (OS9) 1250.03
OO |059| 110.00
OS- 9 GM X III Update w/CPU SPPTR0M 1125.00
1/0 PROMS vr/Updaie S40.00
GMXIUG/FLEX/VOISK w/OS-9 lit update Add 11 7S 00
RAM Otsk tor OS -9 11 25 00
0-Flf X 1250.00
0S9EMXI ...: 1250.00
0S9 GMX II 1500.00
SCUIPT0R-6B09 |UnaUEX/0S-9| 1995.00
SCUlPTOft-6B020|UnlFlEX) S1S9S.N
CONTACT GIMIX FOR PRICES AND AVAIlABlLITT Of OPTlONAi.
UNkHEX AND 0S9 I.AHGUAGES AN0 OTHER SOFTWARE.
Mi. PRICES ARE FOB. CHICAGO.
GIMIX DOES NOT GUARANTEE PERFORMANCE Of ANi GIMIX
SVSIEMS. BOARDS OR SOFTWARE WHEN USED WITH OTHER
MANUFACTURERS PROOUCT.
LI HI TED MMJuTTY
En IK. CGxXM Darrants Its products against
defects In eater nl and vorttunslilp for a period of
ninety days froi the date of shipment. The obligation of
Gflx is I lilted to the repair or replicant of any pro-
duct, free of all charges, ditch proves defective during
this period. This warranty does not cover daaage due to
accidents, negligence, abuse or taaperlog.
(IIX BAKES BO OTXCR VARtMTIES 01 SM»»»ri£S. EX-
PRESS. STATUTOtT. OR [DPI IEB. Of HIT KIND VHATSOEvER
KIT* RESPECT TO MT PRODUCT PU8CMAS£0. AND ilT IHPUED
MRRANTT Of BERCHAHUBIUTT OR FITKESS FOR A PAR-
TlCULAfi PURPOSE IS MEREST OlSCltklHED BT CM AND EX-
CLUDED FRON AIT ACREENEMT MDE BT CM.
EM tjfll not be responslMIe for any datuge of any kind
not covered by the exclusive retwdles set forth In this
1 1*1 ted earranty. CrTX will oat be responsible for any
special, Indirect, or consequential damage caused by its
products.
EM products are not for consider ese. CM express-
ly disdains ill warranties on any of Its product)
ttntch lay be Included in any product noruliy used for
personal or fully purposes.
Contact EM by Mil at 1337 Vest Jttk Place. Chicago, II
(0(09; or phone at (312) 927-5510: If your product Is
defective to arrange for Its repair or replacement
under this varrtAty.
ffapolr cnarsvs tor GIUIX peadvc tj attar warranty petto rwW be
SIS 00 per hour per board (minimum 135.00) phis ports.
Customer pays Uelofii charges ootn way*. II GIMIX determines
that replacement Is desirable Instead, we wM nolily you.
Charges lor checking out complete system nfl be SSOO OOphu
parts, tielgnt. and necessary board repair*.
GIMIX. Inc. mervM Hto rtow to ckange pflttnj. totrrts. and products
■pfcSRcJUini at any Ami trUhewl htrrnat notke.
Eimix-
1337 WEST 37m PLACE • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609
(312)927 5510 • TWX 910-221-4055
A Member of the CPI Family
68 Micro!
6800 6^09 fi^(K)0^OIff ^86^0
Journall
M Yt&ara off inwIfoMftfam to Mfltorosito Users
Editorial Staff
Publisher:
Don Williams Sr.
Executive Editor:
Larry Williams
Production Manager:
Tom Williams
Administration:
Office Manager:
Mary Robertson
Subscriptions:
Joyce Williams
Contributing & Associate Editors:
Ron Anderson Dr. E.M. Bud Pass
Ron Voigts Peter Dibble
Doug Lurie
David Lewis
Dr. Theo Elbert
& hundreds more of us
Contents
.*'»!. i .
■•ip"*', »>">
Software User Noies
C User Notes
Basically OS -9
Whal Is Forth?
Mac Watch
Unsqueezed
IMS Review
Bit Bucket
Classifieds
J^Ji. KM If W £1_~B Al IUM.
COMPUTER
PUBLISHING, INC.
"Over a Decade of Service"
-World I
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CPI
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Copyrighted © 1986 by Computer Publishing, Inc.
68 Micto Journal is published 12 times a year by Computer
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at Hixson, TN and additional entries. Postmaster send form
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Please do not formal with spaces any lea indanis, chart
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Letters to the Editor should be original copy, signed! Letters
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September '86
'68' Micro Journal
The VME BUS and OS-9:
Ultimate Software
for the Ultimate Bus
Modularity. Flexibility. High Performance. Future growth. These are probably the prime reasons
you chose the VME bus. Why not use the same criteria when selecting your system software? That's
why you should take a look at Microware's OS-9/68000 Operating System— it's the perfect match for the
VME bus.
When you're working with VME you must have access to every part ol the system Unlike other
operating systems that literally scream KEEP OUTI, OS-9's open architecture invites you to create, adapt,
customize and expand Thanks to its unique modular design. OS-9 naturally fits virtually any system,
from simple ROM-based controllers up to targe multiuser systems.
And that's tust the beginning of the stoiy. OS-9 gives you a complete UNIX-application compatible
environment. It is multitasking, real time, and extremely fast And if you're still not impressed,
consider that a complete OS-9 executive and I/O driver package typically Ins in less than 24K of
RAM or ROM.
Software tools abound for OS-9, including outstanding Microware C, Basic, Fortran, and
Pascal compilers In addition, cross C compilers and cross assemblers are available
for VAX systems under Unix or VMS. You can also plug in other advanced options
such as the GSS-DRIVERS™ Virtual Device Interface for industry-
standard graphics support, or the OS-9 Network File Manager for
high level, hardware-independent networking.
Designed lor the most demanding OEM requirements,
OS-9's performance and reliability has been proven in an
incredible variety ol applications. There's nothing like a track
record as proof: to date, over 200 OEMs have shipped more
than 100,000 OS-9-based systems.
Ask your VME system supplier about OS-9. Or you can
install and evaluate OS-9 on your own custom system with
a reasonably priced Microware PortPak™ Contact Micro-
ware today. We'll send you complete information about OS-9
and a list of quality manufacturers who olfer off-the-shelf
VME/OS-9 packages.
MICROWARE .
Mkeroware Systems Corporation
1866 NW 114th Street • Des Moines. Iowa 50322
Prions 5152241929 • Telex 910-520-2535
Microware Japan, Ltd.
41-19 Honcno 4-Chome. Funabasht City • Chiba 273.
Japan • Phone 0473 (28) 4493 • Telex 781-299-3122
I
O
3.
s
Modular Hardware Deserves Modular Sotwam
MtcnxnHtx &c*nd*n*vwi i
SiPMtaaun 7
Bo* IX)
Sni-uupcuii
Ol RudoH Mil GmbH
r\ n»wwm«» IS
Dean sennHrwin
WMtOffmjny
Mm 10*2 03107 41
Baall AG
Zttaeg 12
CM M05 Baden Outwit
Swl;*rtand
Pfton* lOMI 8*3377
ton 828275
Kingdom
104171 42
tin m
B I. KB)
Palm B»*cn 2108
NSW Auttulil
Phono O2.910.401T
97 bn luc U* CaKHMH*
82*00 Cowbmoi*
fi*nct
Pt»n« MCe-eD-BO
ta 81S406
OS 9 is a trademark ol Microware and Motorola PoriPak is a trademark ol Microware GSS-Drivers Is a irademark ol Graphic
Software Systems, Inc. VAX and VMS are trademarks or OEC Unix is a irademark ol AT&T
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
M13STANG^^
Super SBC
DATA-COMP proudly presents the first
Under $5000 "SUPER MICRO".
The MUSTANG-020~
MUSTANG-02&
The MUSTANG-020 68020 SBC
provides a powerful, compact, 32 bit computer
system featuring the "state of the art" Motorola
68020 "super" micro-processor. It comes
standard with 2 megabyte of high-speed SIP
dynamic RAM, serial and parallel ports, floppy
disk controller, a SASI hard disk interface tor
intelligent hard disk controllers and a battery
backed-up time-of-day clock. Provisions are
made for the super powerful Motorola MC68881
floating point math co-processor, for heavy math
and number ciunching applications. An optional
network interface uses one serial (four (4)
standard, expandable to 20) as a 125/bit per
second network channel. Supports as many as 32
nodes.
The MUSTANG-020 is ideally suited to a
wide variety of applications. It provides a cost
effective alternative to the other MC68020
systems now available. It is an excellent
introductory tool to the world of hi-power, hi-
speed new generation "super micros". In
practical applications it has numerous
applications, ranging from scientific to education.
It is already being used by government agencies,
labs, universities, business and practically every
other critical applications center, worldwide,
where true multi-user, multi-tasking needs exist.
The MUSTANG-020 is UNIX C level V
compatible. Where low cost and power is a must,
the MUSTANG-020 is the answer, as many have
discovered. Proving that price is not the standard
for quality'
As a software development station, a
general purpose scientific or small to medium
business computer, or a super efficient real-time
controller in process control, the MUSTANG-
020 is the cost effective choice. With the optional
MC6888 1 floating point math co-processor
installed, it has the capability of systems costing
many times over it's total acquisition cost.
DATA-COMP
I JtWC
ADMAa*
Ui
With the DATA-COMP "total package",
consisting of a heavy duty metal cabinet,
switching power supply with rf/line by-passing,
5 inch DS/DD 80 track floppy. Xebec hard disk
controller, 25 megabyte Winchester hard disk,
four serial RS-232 ports and a UNIX C level V
compatible multi-tasking, multi-user operating
system, the price is under $5000. w/12.5
megahertz system clock (limited time offer).
Most all popular high level languages are
available at very reasonable cost. The system is
expandable to 20 serial ports, at a cost of less
than $65 per port, in multiples of 8 port
expansion options.
The system SBC fully populated, quality
tested, with 4 serial ports pre-wiied and board
mounted is available for less that $3000. Quantity
discounts are available for OEM and special
applications, in quantity. All that is required to
bnng to complete "system" standards is a
cabinet, power supply, disks and operating
system. All these are available as separate items
from DATA-COMP.
Ira Snil* ko*d
UlmTi '-ui
A special version of the Motorola 020-
BUG is installed on each board. 020-BUG is a
ROM based bebugger package with facilities for
downloading and executing user programs from
a host system. It includes commands for display
and modification of memory, breakpoint
capabilities, a powerful assembler/disassemble
and numerous system diagnostics. Various 020-
BUG system routines, such as I/O handlers are
available for user programs.
Normal system speed is 3-4.5 MIPS, with
burst up to 10 MIPS, at 16.6 megahertz.
Intelligent I/O available for some operating
systems.
Hands- n "actual experience sessions",
before you buy, are available from DATA-
COMP. Call or write for additional information
orpiicing.
September B6
68' Micro Journal
KUSTANC 070 lenrreurte
Tin* SrtunJp
Type 8y«ce«
31 kit
Inc. loop
Long loop
I IB «t 7300 Xenix Sre 1 9.7
mt 7300 o»ti re t*oio 7.2
etc tax ii/7so trail i<iu<r *.i 3.6
pec »•* n/710 " j.i
68008 0S» 681 8 Mhj u.o
M000 * " 10 M>ii 6.3
MMTUG-020 68020 WUU] OS9 16 Mbi 2.2
MKTUC-OIO 6*020 KMUI OTJiruu * l.B
».J
3.2
J-2
9.0
*.0
0.88
1.22
Ratal)
I
raBlacar loaf 1;
for (1.0; I < 999999; *»«);
I
btiuit< Kirs - MDstms-020 - z.; mips
Kocorol* Spare BuraC ap to 7 - B HIPS - 16 Mft*
eluSTArl&02D™ Software
OW
DM
HX00
taalaW
300.00
C Ccvfnler
•00.00
fujluel TT
•moo
Man^^^n two!
•moo
OwjanvA Pwal
•00,00
Styb-Onne,
49100
StykvSad)
19500
Stylo- Mane
ns.oo
Sr/e>Ce^rA , 3p<0- Mary
wsoo
PAT a/Caauroe
J29 M
JUST erfC aaume
w.w
PAKJUSr CaoJto
3*»J0
Soopvr. (aw below)
99100
COM
123.00
MUST&MG-OIO-
FEATURE9
12.5 Mhz (optional 16.6 Mnz available) MC68020 full 32-bit wide path proce nor
32-bi I wide dale and eddnau biuea , rem nmitain laud
on chip ntrrucbon cache
object code cojnpttibfc with ill 64XXX family proce* eon
mh an ced ntr/ucuoa jet - main co-oronmaac* atcrfece
68B8 1 rawh hitpced floating point eo-procea tor (opnoaal)
direct aateni we o f full £8020 mi friction Ml
full lupport IEEE P754, dre/l 10.0
ouiunHmul and oOwy jciewific null function i
2 Megabyte of SIP RAM (511 1 B b» orpsiutios )
up to 2J6K byte* of EPROM<64 1 32 bid)
4 Aiynchaooom aerial I/O porta tuadaTd
optional 10 20 aerial pons
standard RS-232 interface
optional network interface
bufTorad » bit parallel port (1/2 MC6X230)
Ositronkl typepowia
CIQaaiul cotznzior for add konal VO ania
1 6 bil data ruth
256 byte oddnai apace
2 interrupt espufj
clock and control itgnali
Motorola I/O Channel Mod ulet
time of dsy dork/ calendar w/batln y backup
eootrollcr far 2. 5 1/4" floppy diik drives
■ ingle or double side, raaaleor double dens iry
35 to TO track nclecuble (41-96 TPI)
SAS1 interface
profjunmetik periods rnlerrupt gcmlnr
mlerrupt rn« from mienvsaaond* to c wre ei*
highly accurate tunc base (5 PPM)
5 St sense rwiich, readable by toe CPU
hardware liofavatep capability
mourju drajjyloa ttanlaro 1 *
1<4"disk drive
Sia 8 15/16(5 7(1
These hi -speed 68020 lyMetni an presently working si
NASA, Atomic llrvergy Commission, other (rovemmeol
Agencies at well at Universities, Business, Labs, tad
critical applications centers. Worldwide, where speed, math
crunchtng and mulli-uter, multi tasking UNIX C level V compeUbdily
end low cost it i mun'
UrarVEX
Soai blear
8 AS IDPraCtf^nkr
CCaapua
COBOL
CMOOBM wrwame
TMOOEM Wane
X-TALK <■* Ad)
rant it
Scufpta, <«* t*lo»)
15000
300.00
350.00
750 00
100.00
loaoo
90.95
saoo
4)0.00
99100
; For a limited time we will oiler ■ •
; $400 trade-In on your old 68XXX !
• SBC. Mult be working property '.
! and complete with all software, ;
I cables and documentation. Cell ;
'. for more Information. •
MUSTANG -020 Sytlsm ui i iajn nl prices - Ettetxrve July 1,
Prices suhfacl to etiauve ■ cal lot latest quotes.
1986
Optica a bpaaaewa
I Port expanse) tS-2J2 49S.0D
(aamlof 20 aenal pom eeppoxnef)
Giranilce (or Mumla I/O
1 191.00
** AS Bkpaeat
AO capenttB beank fcr etd «yle can
WO] imfimm da 191 upwawB oaeta.
Venn* ordered -as news PC type
eBbiABt do out mpu« rhJe cable
MUSTANG-O20 [12.50 Mhz) $2750.00
Cabinet (PC or as shown) $299.99
5--60 trace floppy DSrTJD $269.99
Floppy cnbla *39.95
OS-9G8K $350.00
WitKhestar cable $39.95
Wind M star Drive 25 Mbyte $895.00
Xobac K/D cortrollBr $395.00
Shipping USA UPS $20.00
Total: $5059.80
OO
101 Gapanekai Cable
SM.9J
So^awK we ere USA iWraawai for
Soilpne •. Call or vne for rare or aniUpk
Sawanl lor unnpan MUSTANCMOP*
•mam euTooj - Saepaet IoBSjOO. Sovr
130009!
S>«<ran> Oaeewak
AB MUSTArvD-f/JfT" ■
pureri ore ennuad loaiaorJiBsa on all
laaad Bftwere: 10-10* t
CeOor *Hn ror quota
\ erne 0W nala m «eIL
DISCOUMT ilMlTFn TIME: Complete System $1061.00
Complete System $3998.80
OPTIONS ADD:
UnlFlEX $90.00
MC6B881 l/p math procassor $275.00
16.67 Mhz MC68020 $37500
16.67 Mhz MC68881 $375 00
WE WILL NOT BE UNDERSOLD!
This price suorsd to Increase
ArJdilonal MUSTANG systems soon
Note- Current OS-9 (Var. 1 .2) rjoai not address the MC6888 1 . Future
revisions wfl. II the 68881 la anticipated In the future. H must be ordered
with Ihe system, when originally ordered. UnlFLEX does stse^ori both Ihe
enhanced code of Ihe 68020 and 68881 now.
OPTION BOARDS: " Option boards fo be InsfaAed In Uustang-020 cab-
bteta must be ordtvvd with Itm attentat cacwj The cabnat Is loo light lor
direct pfcjgon. Or epeah/ our new PC type cabinet, wilh iret lol wtkjr
'68 Micro Journal
September '66
' PAT - JUST '
PAT
With 'C Source
$229.00
f^i '
A Division of
S.E.
Media
X, n SMW Oua«a Smith m
r — Hiuon, To TOO
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PAT FROM S. E. MEDIA -- A FULL FEATURED SCREEN ORIENTED TEXT EDITOR
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September '86 '68' Micro Journal
SOFTWARE
BY: Ronald W. Anderson
3540 Sturbridge Court
Ann Arbor, Ml 48105
I
warned you all a couple of
columns ago that the title of this
column might change a little in
the near future. 1 spoke to Don
Williams a few days ago and we
decided to settle on a very general
title so it could follow the current
direction of things. The disk file
containing these words has the
name NOTES80. Since 1
produced 8 of these before
associating myself with 68 Micro
Journal, this is the 72nd column
that 1 have written. That means
that 1 have just finished my
6th year of this!!
The name change in no way
implies that 1 have plans to scrap
my old 6809 SWTPc system that
runs FLEX. Nor do I have plans
for abandoning the discussions of
FLEX and software that runs
under it. I've been running FLEX
for nearly ten years now, and it is
an operating system that
eminently suits my likes and my
style of operation, as well as
being suited for the writing and
testing of software for stand
alone systems as used in
instruments and for machine
control functions. Unfortunately
things in the microcomputer
industry do not stand still for
very long. The longevity of the
6809 and its cousin the 6502 are
certainly a tribute to their design.
I know of some builders of
instrumentation and related
equipment still using the 6800 in
their product. It was and still is
quite adequate for a large number
of applications.
USER
NOTES
When the 8 bit processors
were designed, THE memory
chip was the 2102. It was a 1024
by 1 (i.e. 1024 bit) chip. Eight of
them made a 1 K memory. The
designers didn't forsee the 8K by
8 configurations and couldn't
imagine any feasible applications
in which 64K of memory would
be less than adequate. In my
work, we are constantly using
microprocessors for more and
more sophisticated applications
and we are beginning to push
32K of ROM and 8K of RAM.
I've heard of this same problem
from several other industrial
users of the 6809 also. It is not
the performance of the 6809 that
is becoming the limitation, but the
64K memory limit.
Yes, 1 know that SWTPc was
foresighted enough to include a
DAT on their processor board.
Software larger than 64K is still a
pain because of the necessity to
page memory. Virtually no FLEX
software takes advantage of the
larger memory map that can be
utilized by means of the DAT
(other than a few "RAM Disk"
programs). When 1 wrote PAT, 1
found that it needed to be about
18K of program, and variable
space. It was possible to
shoehorn the File Control blocks
into parts of the FLEX space, but
about 30K was all that could be
found for the text buffer. I
suppose it would have been
possible to write it so that the
user could use extended memory
and have a whole 64K page for
the edit buffer, but the number of
users of 6809 systems is already
too small to make much of a
market for such a product, and to
require extended memory would
reduce the market to a very few
potential users.
At any rate, the low end of the
68xxx products are getting very
price competitive with the 8 bit
processors. Memory is getting
cheaper, and the 68xxx products
allow a larger linear (directly
addressed without paging)
memory map. The 68000 version
of PAT is about 28K of code, but
there is easily room for an edit
buffer of 100K in most systems
of 256K memory capacity or
more.
All of the above
considerations make it imperative
at least for my work related
projects, to switch to a 68xxx
processor and take whatever
operating system is available for
program development. Lately 1
have been receiving letters saying
things like "I've been advised to
scrap my 6809 systems and buy
IBM compatible computers."
This was from somsone looking
for software for a 6809 system
for a magazine subscription label
database. How do 1 answer such
questions? Our good 6809
systems started out to be hobbyist
systems. At first we were happy
to have a working monitor, an
Assembler, and the "slowest
68' Micro Journal
September 66
BASIC in the West". (Don't
knock that old BASIC, it was
very good, but not very fast).
Most, if not all of our best
software came to us from folks
who needed something for
themselves, and shared it with the
rest of us. They didn't make
enough on their software to pay
for its development, but having
developed it, they received some
royalties for their efforts.
Unfortunately, many more
people recognize IBM as a
computer manufacturer, than
have ever heard of SWTPc,
GIMIX, or Smoke Signal. The
market is therefore much bigger
for software in the IBM and
compatible area than it ever was
in the 6809 area. The entry of
Tandy into the 6809 market with
the Color Computer brought hope
to a lot of suppliers of 6809
software that the market would
expand widely. Unfortunately,
Tandy never understood the
market and never quite came up
with a design that could be
expanded upon conveniently, to
make something much more
useful. Without going into a lot
of detail, primarily, Tandy never
switched to a true serial port for
connection to the outside world
(which would have made
possible the convenient
connection of a "real terminal" to
the system.
I've been rambling here for
half a page and not indicated
where I was going. To sum it all
up, like it or not, / am going to
have to move into the 68xxx area
with my work related projects.
The company has bought some
IBM compatibles simply because
of the availability of Wintek's
SmArtwork for printed circuit
board design, and a number of
Computer Aided Design packages
for "electronic drafting". We
bought a Mustang 68020 system
and I am satisfied that there will
be enough software support for it
under OS-9 that we can use it to
develop software for stand alone
68xxx systems. Primarily I am
pleased with OmegaSoft Pascal
as a program development tool. It
would seem that Certified
Software has made it possible to
develop software for stand alone
systems under OS-9. I will have
more to say about this compiler in
the future as we gain experience
using it. Now I would hope for
cross assemblers and compilers
to run on the 68020 to develop
6809 software.
"Progress" has led me
therefore to the point of
making this column more of
a 68XX(X) user's column. I
will continue to talk about FLEX,
but 1 will add OS-9. STAR-DOS.
and whatever else comes along
for the 6809 and the 68000
processors. My emphasis in the
past was on the operating system.
I slipped into more of an
emphasis on the software
available to run under FLEX, but
your responses to my plea for
guidance indicated that many of
you wanted more basic
information on FLEX again, so I
have complied with that request
recently.
I've said all along that I have
little time for any deep research
for the material in this column, so
that what is written here must
somehow relate to what I am
doing presently. A good deal of
this is "off the top of my head"
and it is intended to be just that,
and not to be taken too
seriously... (Over the years, a
few readers have taken my
remarks MUCH too seriously.
One reader even chided me for
saying bad things about FORTH
because "You have more
influence than you realize with
your readers".) I give the readers
of this column a lot of opinion. I
have always assumed that they
were smart enough to think for
themselves and sort out what was
fact and what was opinion by
trying things out for themselves.
/ do not consider myself as
having or being the last word on
anything.
I must add one further note to
this and then I will get on with
the more usual topics of this
column. I have missed a monthly
deadline for the first time in my 6
years. It was because of business
and work related problems, and it
is not likely to happen again.
Along with the missing of the
deadline, as you might imagine, I
missed answering a great deal of
correspondence. I am now in a
position to catch up a little, but I
don't expect ever to get through
all of my back correspondence. If
you wrote me a letter in the past
few months and are awaiting a
response, you might try again. I
will answer all correspondence
having to do with configurng
PAT, or any problems repotted to
me concerning its use or
configuration for various
terminals or computer hardware.
In fact, most or all such questions
should have been answered
before this appears in print. I am
sorry for the lapse on my pait. It
was totally unavoidable.
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
Pat Catastrophes
1 have been trying to get the
last bugs out of PAT so that the
"release disk" would present you
a functional PAT without a lot of
strain and effort. So far my
efforts have been totally foiled by
Murphy's laws. As soon as PAT
hit the market, I received five or
six letters from purchasers with
configuration problems. First, the
oldest version of FLEX (FLEX
9.0) lacks the INCHNE vector at
SD3E5. I wrote a special PATF9
version that talks directly to the
terminal port Then someone with
an ANSI terminal wrote. I had to
do a special version of PAT
called PATANSI for those
applications, with longer terminal
control strings and a special
routine for cursor addressing. In
spite of a lot of pre-testing by
several people including myself,
a few more bugs have been
detected. There are presently no
known uncured bugs, but a few
more may still be hiding
somewhere. At any rate, the last
release disk that I prepared for
Southeast Media was version
2.5. It turns out that there was an
error in just ONE of the terminal
configure files called
TERM.rrX, which I had copi»d
to TERM. LIB, and used to
compile all the versions of PAT
on that release disk. An attempt to
append any of the other terminal
configuration files causes great
problems.
Unfortunately I supplied only
the text files for the terminal
configuration files, which must
be assembled to the .BIN files
before appending them to the
PAT.BIN file. Assembling the
file is easy for most of the users,
though the "startup" chapter of
the manual doesn't indicate that
the .TXT file has to be assembled
first, this is discussed in
appendix A. I had intended to
supply the .BIN files too. If you
have version 2.5 and have the
TSC assembler, you can fix the
terminal configuration files by
adding one byte to the TINIT
string. Just add one more ",0" to
the end of the FCB list at the label
TINIT, and assemble this file and
append it to PAT, PATANSI, or
PATF9 to make your command
file.
If you have PL/9 go at it the
other way. That is, edit the
appropriate TERM.XXX file to
match your terminal, copy it to
TERM. LIB, and recompile
whatever version of PAT you
netd.
/ promise that the next version
will have more bugs removed,
and that I won't issue it until I
have checked and tested it 23
ways. I have an idea for a better
way to do the terminal
configuration, and I am working
on it The result will be that there
won't be a need for several
versions of PAT.BIN.
There are a couple of bugs in
version 2.5 that have been cured
for the next update (Version 2.7).
If you type ESC 'Kj without
typing a line number to go to,
PAT will be confused and try to
go to line 0, which doesn't exist.
The cursor will stick on the status
line and the indicated line number
will be 0. A control T will get
you out of the funny state. If you
do a backward search for
something that is on line 1, you
might also run into this problem.
The cure is the same. Finally, if
you load a file that happens to
have line 23 longer than 80
characters, PAT will get out of
sync. Again Control T will cure
things. These will all work
properly in the next update.
I have one improvement for
the next update of PAT that I
think will be liked by those who
use it to edit programs. When
you program in "C", Pascal or
PL/9 you sometimes change the
structure of a program and need
to shift a block of program lines
to change the indentation level. I
have added ESC Sn <CR> to
PAT. It is a BLOCK function,
and is added to the block copy
move and delete functions. First
you mark a block of lines, and
then use the above function to
shift all the marked lines n spaces
to the right (by inserting spaces at
the start of each line). If n is
negative, (eg. -5), spaces will be
deleted from the start of each line,
effectively shifting them to the
left. The function is smart, and it
will not delete printable characters
from the start of a line. It stops
deleting when it runs out of
spaces. However, the user must
not shift a line so far to the right
that it overflows, since PAT
doesn't check for that condition.
Perhaps I will make the function
a little smarter before the next
update.
PAT, OS-9 and CT-8212
& ounds like a good
combination, or so I thought. I
have PAT running (with a few
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
rough edges) under OS-9/68K on
the Mustang, and had sent Don
Williams a copy configured for
the CT-8212. Don repoited a few
problems so I dusted off the old
CT-8212 and connected it to the
Mustang. I found a couple of
dumb errors in my configuration
file immediately, and then
discovered a serious problem of
compatibility. For a terminal to
run a screen editor, it is necessary
for the computer to be able to
send the terminal instructions to
position the cursor at any line or
column of the screen. When I
tried using the CT with PAT, I
had a couple of singularly
puzzling problems. I would
cursor down the screen and
suddenly the cursor would jump
to the incorrect line. I would go
down one more line and all
would be OK.
I had seen such problems
before, and I knew roughly
where to look. Most terminals
use an "escape sequence" to put
the cursor at a particular place on
the screen. For example the ADM
terminals, the ADS, and at least
some of the Televideo terminals
use ESC '= Y X, a four character
sequence in which Y and X are
the ROW and Column in that
order, but they are transmitted as
a character whose ASCII value is
that of Y or X with $20 added.
That is ROW (the top line) is
$20. The next line is $21, etc.
Same for columns. The reason
for the addition of $20, is that all
ASCII codes less than that value
are control codes, such as CR
and LF, and in fact therein lies
the problem with the CT-8212
and OS-9I68K. OS-9 has
provision for adding a LF after
each CR in the output stream.
That is useful for terminals,
where a CR from the terminal is
echoed CRLF, and when reading
a text file in which ends of lines
are marked by CR only. The OS
adds the LF. Well, the CT-8212
doesn't use the $20 offset, so the
code for line 13 is $0D, a CR.
OS-9 obediently adds LF which
replaces the column information,
so the cursor goes to the wrong
column, etc.
OS-9, it turns out, has a utility
called tmode that allows setting of
parameters for terminals, much
like TTYSET of FLEX. It has
one parameter that may be
represented by "If or "nolf '. The
value "nolf is supposed to
suppress the LF that is
automatically tacked on after a
CR. Well, it is not difficult to set
the mode to "nolf before a
cursor positioning instruction and
to restore "If mode afterward,
but that didn't cure the entire
problem. It seems that OS-9 also
tacks a CR onto an LF. That is,
when an LF is sent, a CR is
added. That feature doesn't
switch off when "nolf mode is
invoked! With nolf mode, I could
move the cursor down into and
past line 13, but I couldn't get it
on line 10!! I think this is a bug
in OS-9. If you wanted to
suppress the autoLF after a CR,
you would probably want to
eliminate the autoCR after LF.
Since Microware wants $250 a
year for the privilege of calling
them and asking a "technical
question", all I can do at this
point is to submit a bug report
and wait to see what happens.
At this point in my familiarity
with OS-9 (or rather unfamiliarity
with it) I would not attempt to
write a device descriptor let alone
get inside OS-9 and find the
device driver that correctly looks
at the nolf flag for one condition
and not the other. I'll just have to
wait for an answer.
CT-8212 More
JL wrote the above a couple
of weeks ago. Since then I
decided that I vaguely
remembered that the CT-8212 has
a command to set the cursor
positioning offset value to
something other than zero. I
checked the manual and sure
enough, there it was. Just send
the terminal A _ and A J followed
by the offset character, a space in
my case since I thought it would
be nice to get out of sending
control characters to the terminal.
That ought to work fine except
that control J happens to be the
same as a linefeed, and it is the
code that causes OS-9 to add the
CRLF. You would think that
would mean that one could set the
offset to 13, and that perhaps that
would work. For some reason, it
didn't. I finally figured out that if
I turned on the CT-8212, set it to
Half Duplex mode, disconnected
it from the computer and typed A _
A J space, I could set the mode I
want. I made a terminal
configuration file that uses the
$20 offset and configured the
terminal manually. It works, but I
would not call it an acceptable
way to go. It is too much bother
to disconnect the terminal to set
its mode. Microware, is there a
bug in OS-9 68K, or is it
10
September '86
68 Micro Journal
supposed to work that way?
An Operating System can be
helpful and useful if it does
functions (as OS-9 does) to
monitor the input channel for *C
as an "interrupt" of the program,
adds LF to CR, has a couple keys
that function as XON and XOFF
for the terminal to stop and start
data display, etc. but in order to
do certain jobs (such as work
with a terminal like the CT-8212
with zero offset for cursor
positioning) all of the little OS
features have to be switch able so
that they can be disabled and the
OS can become completely
passive, giving the programmer
complete control over what is
sent to the terminal or printer.
Until this present discovery, I
was convinced that OS-9 was
capable of being unobtrusive.
Without a fix for this problem, it
is not usable with any terminal
that uses no offset for cursor
positioning codes.
The Ultimate Seminar
1 received a notice of a Two
Day Seminar the other day. I've
expressed my regrets here that the
bookstores are full of books in
the vein of "Getting the Most Out
of Wordstar" rather than
"Programming the 68000". The
seminar title is "Using Lotus
1-2-3". The cost of the two-day
program is $400. Since Lotus
1-2-3 at last check sells for S250
or so, it would seem to me to be
the ultimate insult to a purchaser
to imply that he had to spend
almost twice the cost of the
software to learn how to use it! It
has always been my observation
that I couldn't possibly leam
enough to be useful in two days.
A S20 book on the subject at
hand is generally moie beneficial
than a $300 Seminar or crash
course. We in the U.S. seem to
fall for anything that is the quick
and easy way out. "Loose up to
30 pounds the first month, and
eat all you want " Become an
expert at running your computer
in two days.... Sorry, but it just
doesn't work that way. In my
experience, "instant" knowledge
is forgotten the next instant.
Bargain
1 andy is good for
something after all. They had one
of their Warehouse Sale days
here recently and thee advertized
DT-1 terminals for $99 each.
Someone from our company was
there when they opened the
doors, and managed to get a
couple. They have the sharpest
monitor I have ever used. All the
characters are crisp from corner
to corner on the screen. They
have reverse video, and half
intensity that is really about 0.97
intensity, that is, you can hardly
see a difference. They run fine at
9600 baud and are supposed to
run at 1 9.2K baud, but so far we
haven't been successful] in our
efforts to run them at that rate. I
have configured PAT to run on
them, and that brings me to a
short discussion.
I configured PAT to display
the status line in half intensity
mode on teiminals that support
that mode without using a
character position on the screen to
turn it on and off. The DT-1 has
reverse video that does use that
position for attribute on and
another for attribute off. I decided
to get the problems worked out
so PAT would work with either
type of terminal I found that those
that use the character position are
what I call MODAL in operation.
You set up an area of the screen
in reverse video, and all you have
to do is position the cursor within
that area and anything you output
is in reverse video. That is, the
attribute is tied to the screen
position and not the characters
that follow the attribute-on code.
After getting PAT working with
both types of attribute change
schemes, I must say that I like the
MODAL arrangement better. I
can bump the cursor down to the
status line and update the line
number without sending those set
and clear attribute codes. It is
much faster, and the screen
updates faster when wordwrap
occurs.
The next update version of
PAT will have this change
included. I have also added a
control code ESC A B to toggle
the "BELL" on and off. I was
working late one night and the
BEEP got annoying. Some
terminals are so loud, (and I had
one of those) that I thought I
would wake up everyone in the
house at the end of every line, so
I added the toggle. PAT comes
up with the bell ON, but you can
turn it off. There is no indicator
on the status line, but you know
at the end of every line which
mode is operative.
+++
68' Micro Journal
September '86
C User Notes
By: E. M. (Bud) Pass Ph.D
Computer Systems Consultants
1454 Latta Lana, N.W.
Conyers, Ga 30207
404 483-1717/4570
INTRODUCTION
This chapter begins the discussion of the proposed ANSI C
standard and the discussion of common problem areas in the
use of the C language.
TSC, Windrush, and Microware have all sent information to
update me on their latest changes and enhancements to their
products. If others have information of interest to the
readers , please send it. This is one of the best sources of input.
PROPOSED ANSI C STANDARD
The ANSI (American National Standards Institute) X3-J11
committee has published several versions of a draft of a new
standard for the C language. If approved, it would not be
binding on any C compiler writers, but compliance to it could
definitely become a selling point for a given C compiler.
Compilers based upon the complete standard cannot possibly
appear before the planned completion date of December 1986
and probably will appear only substantially later, although
compilers being incorrectly advertised as conforming to the
full ANSI C set of standards have already begun to appear. In
addition, standards typically evolve in response to changing
environments, so there will probably be multiple standards
for some peiiod of time (ANSI C86, ANSI C87, ...?).
When the K & R white book was written (1978), almost all
C compilers were UNIX-based or directly derived from a
UNIX-based system. The KAR book has never been updated,
despite the number of ambiguities in it and despite the
changes which have occurred in the mini and micro computer
industries since that time. Small C implementations which
grew up to be full C implementations almost never are
completely compatible with the UNIX V7 C "standard",
which itself has evolved since 1978, into UNIX V3, UNIX
V4.2BSD, and the cuirent UNIX V5 C compilers. Thus, the
ne*d for a new standard for the C language was recognized
several years ago.
The discussion below begins the presentation of the major
points covered by the proposed standard and of the
differences between the current "standard" C compilers
(more or less based on Kemighan and Ritchie) and the new
standard.
All C programmers will eventually be affected by this new
standard. The degree to which a programmer will be affected
will depend upon several factors. If they are porting
programs from older implementations, they may be seriously
and adversely affected. If they are writing programs on a
conforming compiler with the purpose of porting to other
conforming compilers, they should be beneficially affected
with having an easier job.
The existence of the new standard does not imply complete
poi lability among conforming implementations. It aoei
imply that the implementations will act in certain prescribed
manners in specific areas, but it allows many implementation
dependent areas, including local extensions which are not
portable. Some of the more important implementation
dependencies are the length of variables (are ints 16, 18, 24,
32, 36, 48, or 64 bits long?), the naming conventions for disk
files, the system requirements on external names (8
characters, upper case?), the maximum sizes of program and
data spaces, peculiarities of library functions, and format of
operating system command lines.
The overall effect of the new standard on existing C
programs is unknown. However, treating placement of older
programs on conforming compilers as potting problems, the
better-written programs will generally continue to be easier
to port than the poorer-written ones. There will probably be
a series of programs introduced commercially to translate
programs written for commonly-used C compilers to the
new standard.
The major changes and enhancements in the new standard are
as follows:
tighter data typing
tighter pointer usage checking
operator order precedence changes
new data types
function prototyping
tr igraphs
new constant formats
identifier lengths
aggregate initialization
new preprocessor formats
library standardization
variable number of function arguments
These changes will be discussed in later chapters.
12
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
SOMKTIIIM; 1 OK ALL ()!■■ IS / 1 ROM AM. ()l IS
C PROBIEM AREAS
The C language is powerful and rich enough (o cause
problems to even the most experienced programmers. The
items below begin the presentation of some of the types of
pioblems commonly encountered in the use of the C language.
Sloppy Formatting
Since the C language is generally free-format (as opposed to
BASIC, FORTRAN, and other popular languages), a C
programmer is free to place multiple statements on one line,
indent statements in a random fashion, and generally ignore
good formatting concepts.
This can lead to difficult debugging and maintenance of such
programs. Luckily, programs to format C programs are
readily available and should be used as required. Of course,
they would not have been written had not they been needed.
Oveiuse of Colo's
The C language supports several types of structured
programming concepts, such as if, while, do, and blocks. It
also supports goto statements, about which there is much
controversy. In 1968 Dijkslra, a Dutch computer scientist,
published an article in which he condemned the use of the
goto statement. He noted that goto's, improperly used, ca'i
destroy the structure of an otherwise well-structured
program, and make it impossible to prove that a program
performs correctly.
Since that time, there have been many articles written from
from both pro- and anti- goto statement standpoints. The
overuse of goto's is condemned almost universally. However,
some people would like to completely prohibit them. This
discussion has all the elements of a religious debate, with
fanatical adherents to both sides.
The use of goto statements is never necessary; however, in
some cases, selective use of them may produce clearer
programs than their avoidance. For example, the C language
provides the break statement to exit from the current level
of for, switch, and similar souctures; however, it provides no
automatic means to immediately exit from a nested for
structure. The goto statement provides this facility in a
simple manner without the necessity of adding flags to
indicate the exit.
Unfortunately, goto statements can be used to violate
program structure, such as branching into a loop or branching
from one inner loop to an unrelated inner loop. They may
also turn an otherwise simple program into a "bowl of
spaghetti" if they are overusad. Most programmers who have
ever maintained an existing system of programs have
encountered this class of programs, usually with dread,
because of the problems associated with the modification of
such programs. Even if they appear to function correctly,
often even small changes are difficult to make properly.
Sometimes it is easier to rewrite such programs than to try to
maintain them.
Uninitialized Variables
Although global and static local variables are initialized to
zero, automatic local variables are not necessarily initialized
to any particular value. In fact, since local variables are
normally allocated on a stack, they will usually contain
random values. Failure to initialize variables before use may
cause intermittent failures and maintenance difficulties.
This situation is complicated somewhat by restrictions
placed on initialization of automatic variables by K. & R and
compiler implementations. For example, the following
initialization is (at least theoretically) illegal inside a
function or a block:
charhexQ - {"0123456789abcdef};
Misuse of Pointers
Although pointers are themselves variables, the potential
damage done by them is often much greater than that done by
ordinary variables. In order to use a pointer successfully, it
must be declared properly, initialized correctly, and
manipulated properly, and the object being pointed to by the
pointer must also be declared properly, initialized correctly,
and manipulated properly.
On systems without memory protection, pointers
improperly initialized or used may modify program data or
code or parts of the operating system, possibly leading to
problems difficult to locate and correct or totally hidden
until the program is potted to another compiler or system.
Even on systems with memory protection, pointers may not
access or modify the expected data, also leading to hidden
problems, although program code and other programs' data
should be secure. Many systems with memory protection
also require alignment to even or quad byte addresses, fuither
complicating the problems of hidden bugs.
Array Declaration And Use
Although the size of an array is declared assuming base one,
array subscripts are used assuming base zero. This
inconsistency sometimes catches even experienced C
programmers. For example,
#define LEN 10
inl i. x[LEN];
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
13
THE 68XXX JOURNAL
for(i = 0;i<-LEN;++i)
x[i] - 0,
clears eleven, not ten, elements in array x.
C PROBLEM
Following are two unrelated short C functions. Neither
function always works correctly, although both compile and
execute. Explain what is wrong with them and fix them.
This function writes garbage characters to a file, rather than
the values of the characteis passed to it.
int outchar(fd, ch)
int fd;
charch;
{
return write(fd, ch, 1);
}
This function works on some compilers and not on others.
int itexists(filename) /* return I if file exists */
char *filename; /* otheiwise return */
{
HLE »fp;
inti;
if (i - ((fp - fopen(filename, "r")) !- NULL))
fclose(fp);
return i;
}
A "quickie": what does "x+++++x" mean, if anything?
EXAMPLE C PROGRAM
Following is this month's example C program; it computes
the interest on a loan and prints an amoitization schedule.
/♦
* Print amortization schedule for fixed-payment loan.
*
* amount - principal borrowed ($)
* annual = annual percentage rate of interest (%)
* term = length of loan (years)
* month = month (1-12) loan is made; default - now
* year » year (00-99) loan is made; default - now
* interval - months between payments (1,2,3,4,6,12);
* default - 1 (monthly)
*
* Programmed by Dean Douthat
*/
^include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h> /* for UNIX and compatibles */
#defme PAUSE /♦ 1: single sheets. 0: not ♦/
static int month, year;
static float amount, annual;
static int term, interval, periods, pmts_per year;
static long int balance, payment, interest;
Static double periodic;
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *aigvQ;
{
double x, r;
char *mallcc();
if(aigc < 4)
{
fprintf(stdeiT. "%s %s %s\n".
"Usage:", argv[o],
"amount annual term [month year [inteival)]",
exit(l);
}
sscanf(argv( 1], "%f", &amount);
if(amount < 0.0) error(" Illegal amount");
sscanf(aigv[2], "%f ', &annual);
if(annual < 0.0 1| annual > 100.0)
enorC'Illegal annual percentage");
sscanf(argv(3], "%d\ &term);
if(term <- 0) error(" Illegal teim");
if(argc >- 6)
{
sscanf(argv[4]."%d", &month);
if( month < I |[ month > 12)
FOR THOSE WHO
I
68 MICRO
JOURNAL 7
14
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
(T
^
SOMETHING FOR ALL OF US
IFEOM ALL OIF US
errorC" Illegal month");
sscanf(argv[5}, "%d", &year);
if(year<0||year>99)
enu<"I]legal year");
if(argc >- 7)
{
sscanf(argv[6], "%d", ^interval);
if(interval < 1 II interval > 12 (I
(12% interval))
error("IllegaI interval");
}
else
inieival - 1;
}
else
{
KxJayO;
interval - 1 ;
}
pmts_per year - 12/interval;
pa iodic - annual/(pmts_per year * 100.0);
periods - term * pmtsjjer^year;
balance - amount * 100.0;
/♦
Find periodic payment amount
r- 1.0 + periodic;
for(x - 1.0, i = 0; i < periods; ++i) x *- n
payment - (long)
(100.0 • amount • periodic * x/(x - 1.0) + 0.5);
■
Compute amortization table values
*/
for(i - 1; i <= periods; ++i)
{
interest - (long) (balance * periodic + 0.5);
if(last - (i — periods))
payment « interest + balance;
line - lirteout(i, line, last, PAUSE);
}
}
static long cum, ytd;
static int omonth, oyear;
static char *month name[] -
"BAD".
"Jan",
"Feb",
"Mar",
"Apr",
"May",
"Jun",
"Jul",
"Aug",
"Sep".
"Oct",
"Nov",
"Dec"
};
lineout(i, line, last, pause)
int i, line, last, pause;
{
long princ_pay;
if (line < 4)
{
omonth - month;
oyear -yean
cum - 0.0;
line - headcr(pause);
}
if((month +- interval) > 12)
{
ytd » 0.0;
■H-yean
month — 12;
if(inteival < 12)
{
putchar(\n');
■M-line;
}
if(line + pmis_per_year > 61)
line - header(pause);
}
princ_pay - payment - interest;
balance — princ_pay;
cum +- interest;
ytd +- interest;
68 Micro Journal
September '66
15
printf("%Sd%s%02d",
i, monthnamet month], year% 100);
primf("%12.2f%12.2f%15.2f%15.2f%13.2r\n",
princjny/100.0, interest/ 100.0,
balance/100.0. cum/100.0, ytd/100.0);
++line;
if(last)
{
pnnrf("\n Last Payment - $%.2f,
payment/ 100.0);
if(! pause)
printf("\f\r);
}
retum(line);
}
static char *typeD -
{
'BAD",
"monthly",
"bimonthly".
"quarterly".
"thrice-yearly",
"BAD",
"semi-annual",
"BAD",
"BAD".
"BAD".
"BAD",
"BAD",
"annual"
};
header(pause)
in t pause;
{
if(pause)
{
fpiintftstdeiT,
"Insert paper then hit RETURN ->");
getharO;
}
else
putchaiOf);
printf("\n\n $%.2f at %2.3fannually \
68 Micro Journal l '
I OK i'hosi: WHO
NEED TO KNOW
for %d years starting %s %d\n",
amount, annual,leim,monih_name[omonth],oyear);
priniff in %d %s payments of $%.2f ',
periods , type[ interv al ] ,
payment/100.0);
printf("\n\n ");
printf("Principal Interest BalanceN
Cum Int YTD Int");
putchar(W);
retum(7);
}
today()
{
Struct tm *localtime(), ♦now;
long clock, time();
clock - time(NULL);
now - localtime(Aclock);
month - now->tm_mon + 1;
year - now->on_year;
if(month <= || month > 12)
month - 0;
year%- 100;
}
error(s)
char*s;
{
fprintf(stdeir, "%s\n" .s);
exit(2);
}
16
September 86
'68' Micro Journal
Basically OS-9
Bv: Ron Voiati &
By: Ron Voigts
2024 Baldwin Court
Glendale.ll 60139
NEW OS-9, OLD OS-9
1 sometimes feel like I'm living in a time
waip. This is the September column, but I am
writing it at the end of April. I'll send it in at the
end of May. Probably by July they'll be putting
together the magazine, so it can be mailed out in
August. What I write now, seems like a long time
until it get published. A current issue may be an
old story by the time it gets to you. But I feel this
months topic is relatively important that a few
months lag will not detract from its importance.
Earlier this month 1 received my upgrade to
OS-9 for the Color Computer, Version 2.00.00.
It has occurred to me that by September many
readeis will already have theirs. I think many will
not and there will many more who are interested in
what has been changed or improved. This version
is important enough that it was given an entirely
new revision number.
Some of the older commands have been
modified or revised. A few new ones have been
added. There have been changes to the system.
GETSTAT and SETSTAT have been updated.
The system call, VIRQ, has been added. A whole
bunch of devices can now be added to the system.
The changes to the system include some minor
and some major ones. The minor ones include the
following. An auto repeat key feature has been
added. Hold down a key and after about a second
it will stait repeating. Now a beep occurs if a
conirol-G is sent from the keyboard. From
Basic09, a CHR$(7) can be used. The <@> key
is now the ALT key. Holding it down with
another key will set the 8th bit. The letter A is
$41. With the ALT key, it becomes $C1, creating
a low resolution graphics character. The error
number $DC is now HANG UP, replacing the
ILLEGAL BLOCK SIZE. The descriptors for
FOR THOSE WHi
drives 2 and 3 are not part of the initial Boot file,
but can be added later.
A major change was with terminal I/O. It is
now divided into three parts. There is is still
TERM, but video output is handled through
subroutine modules. Either there is C032 for the
normal Color Computer screen cm- CO80 for an 80
column screen. I found, CO80 does not work
with my WordPakll and I strongly believe it will
only work with a Radio Shack 80 column card,
should one ever come along. There is also
graphics module, GRFO. It is only needed if high
resolution graphics are intended.
Graphics have had some new additions.
Some of the notable additions are DRAW and
ERASE CIRCLE, and FLOOD FILL which works
somewhat like the old PAINT command. Also
additional graphics buffers may be allocated and
selected. These little additions should make
writing high resolution graphics easy fiom almost
any language.
The GETSTAT and SETSTAT have had some
additions. For GETSTAT there is the following.
SS.DevNm will return the device name.
SS.KySns returns key down information. This
includes the the SHIFT, arrow keys, @,
Cntrl-Clear and the spacebar. And SS.ComSt
returns information for SCF devices like parity,
stop bits, word length and baud rate. ISSETS1T
now has the following. SS.KySns enables and
disables the keyboard sense ability. SS.ComSt
will set information for SCF devices. SS.AAGBf
allocates additional graphics buffers and
SS.SLGBf selects the graphics buffer.
There has also been additional device
descriptors and drivers added. To name a few of
68 MICRO
JOURNAL 7
68' Micro Journal
September '86
17
THE 68XXX JOURNAL
them, SSC and SSCPAK suppoit the
Speech/Sound Cartridge. M2 and MODPAK are
for a virtual driven modem. And HO (or H 1 ) and
CCHDisk can be used for a hard disk. Running a
hard disk sounds like a great idea, but I seriously
doubt that anyone will spend $200 for a computer
and then put $1500 into a hard disk.
New commands have been added and old
ones modified. There four new ones. CONFIG
is one of the new ones that provides a menu diiven
method to customize systems disks. rNIZ forces
the allocation of device buffers. HELP is an on
line help feature. TUNEPORT lets you find the
optimum delay loop for SCF devices. FORMAT
now lets you format disks without prompts.
Actually it did before, but it was never
documented. OS9GEN has a single drive option.
TMODE and XMODE can adjust for 32 or 80
character columns. Some of the other commands
have been modified to use either 32 or 80 column
displays. They include CONFIG, DIR, DUMP,
LOGIN, MDIR, PROCS, TMODE and XMODE.
Theie are many more thing I have not
covered. Radio Shack supplies an 80 page manual
describing them. I am glad to see some of the
changes. It is nice that the graphics has been
given a better "deal". Also, I like some of the
frills like the auto repeat key and the Cntrl-G. But,
if you do upgrade, you may find that third party
software does not work. You'll have to go back
and upgrade with them. Most vendors will do so
for a small fee.
TO FRACTURE MEMORY
WITHOUT REALLY TRYING
This part concerns Level I users, but the Level
II users will find it interesting and imformative,
too. If you run Level I, you must be extra when
using memory. Usually when a program is loaded
it is put into the highest memory locations and the
data area for it is allocated from the lower areas.
The result is that the center area of memory is left
open. Should a second program be loaded, it
would be given memory by the same treatment.
Now remove the first program, using UNLINK or
perhaps it is simply finished. The second program
still occupies its original memory location and we
find memory is in a few chunks, instead of one
continuous area. This could make it difficult to
load something large. Tiying to do so would
result in a Error #207. The best advice would be
to UNLINK the second program and then reload it
if it was needed.
What do you do if the system fractures
memory on its own? All devices need a buffer
area. This space is allocated to them when they
are placed into the Device Table. And devices are
first placed into the table when they are used.
Another side note, the buffer area is allocated from
a high area in RAM. Let's say you load
BASIC09. It occupies memory starting at $2A00.
Next you dump a listing to the printer. This is the
first time you've used the printer since booting up.
So the printer gets its buffer area starting at
$2900. Later you say, "BYE" to BASIC09and
return to OS9. Now, your memory is fractured
with a page gone at $2900. Fortunately, there are
small fragments of free memory at the high end of
memory that would probably be taken first. But
this is not always the case.
It might be helpful to examine the device table
and understand how it works. Going back to the
direct page pointers, is the Device Table Pointer,
otherwise called D.DevTbl. This points to a table
containing 9 byte entries of each device being used
in the system. The format of each entry is as
follow:
Name
Bytes
Purpose
V$DRIV
2
Device Driver
V$STAT
2
Static Storage
V$DESC
2
Device Descriptor
V$FMGR
2
File Manager
V$USRS
1
User Count
To show how each of these is used let me let
FOR THOSE WHO
I
18
September '86
'60' Micro Journal
THE 68XXX JOURNAL
you take a look at my table. It is located at
SB56D. This the value stored at D.DevTbl. I
used DEBUG to examine the table. Following is
what was there with a little rearranging.
B56D - B600 B300 BACE CFFE FE
B576 - BC35 B 100 C47C CBAO 02
B57F - EE1 3 A200 EDE6 CFB6 04
B588 - B600 B300 BAFD CFB6 00
B591 - 0000 0000 0000 0000 00
The first number is the location in memory.
The next 9 bytes are a device's entry. The last
one with all 0's is the end of the table. It is best to
examine one of them. Look at the last entry,
starting at SB588. SB600 is the start of my disk
driver SDISK. SB300 is the bufferspace allotted
to it. SBAFD is the start of the device's location.
SCFB6 is the file manager, SCF. And the last $00
is the user count. If I had something running on it
while I was examining the table the count would
have bsen $01.
The trick to avoiding memory fracture is to get
your device in the table early. Otherwise, it may
result with the static storage being allocated from
somewhere in middle memory, which is not to
desirable. A good way to get something in the
table is to use it early. For example, having in you
'startup' file:
display 7 >/p
will put the printer device 'p' into the device
driver table. The new version 2.00.00 of OS-9
has a utility called, IN1Z. It adds, via the OS-9
system call, ISAttach, the device to the table. For
example, to use it to on the printer and disk drive
I, you would enter:
iniz pdl
A call is made to ISAttach and they are entered
into the device table. The user count is also
increased for each related module. So, when
attach the printer, P, PRINTER, and SCF have
their user count increased by one.
I find one flaw in the utility. It works fine,
but it's format does not conform to OS-9
convention. Ideally when addressing a device, a
slash is prefixed onto its name. Psychologically it
becomes second nature. INIZdoes not use this,
but rather prefeis to have its devices referred
simply by name. When typing, I enter names like
/P, ID\, /D2 and so on. This month I offer an
variation of the program to put devices into the
systems.
It is called ATrACH. It still uses the ISAttach
system call. The difference is ISParse is used to
examine the command line. It goes thru the
command line and finds legal OS-9 names. If it
encounters a slash, it moves to the next position.
It recognizes spaces and commas as separators for
names. Using ATrACH is very simple. All of
the following do the same thing.
attach pdl
attach /p/dl
attach p,d 1
attach /p,/dl
No matter which way it is entered, drive one
and the printer will be put into the device table and
buffer space will be given to it.
OS-9 NEW COMERS
This month marks two computer's joining the
ranks of OS-9. First, there is a plug-in board for
the IBM-PC. The board's CPU is a 68010 with a
real time clock, extra RAM, serial poits and
parallel ports. With it the IBM-PC will be able to
run OS-9. The other new comer is OS-9 for the
Atari-ST. The Atari line has two 68000 machines,
the 520 and 1040. Both systems are from TLM
Systems, Fresno CA.
Besides systems being adapted to run OS-9,
FOR THOSE WM
68 MICRO
JOURNAL 7
58' Micro Journal
September '86
19
THE 68XXX JOURNAL
there are ones coming made to run it. Earlier this
year, DATA-COMP introduced the
MUSTANG-020™. It runs a 68020 CPU with
a 12.5 (16.67 available on special order) MHz
clock. The MUSTANG-020 runs OS-9 and
supports all the available software. So, whether it
is on an old machine or a new machine, look out
world here comes OS-9!
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SYSGEN
For those who like life as simple a possble. I present to you
this month, SYSGEN. It is wiitten in Basic09. I wrote it as
one procedure so that the module directory would not be
cluttered with many modules. It will create a directory
called. "BOOTMODULES" and a tile called, "modules". The
FOR THOSE WB
program goes through the module directoiy letting you SAVE
what you want. The module is saved to the directory and its
name added to the Bst. You can also copy other modules to
the directory. And finally, it will even run OS9GEN for you.
The program works using OS9GEN as outlined before.
OS9GEN reads modlist' and adds modules from
BOOTMODULES to the OS9Boot. To create a module list,
they must be save from memory. A pointer to the module
directory is found in the first page of memory. This page is
the system's Direct Page Variables. D.ModDir is at $0026.
The first two bytes point the start of the module directory.
The next two bytes point to its end. This program was
written for level 1 . In Level 1 , a module entry consists of 4
bytes. The first two point to its location in memory. The
third is the link count and the fourth is just there. Level 2,
uses a different method for the module directory. There are
8 bytes that descrfre an entry. The first 2 bytes are for DAT
pointer, 2 for the address space size. 2 for the offset to the
modu le and a f inal 2 for the link cou nt . Level 2 users have a
system call, F$GModDr. It copies the module directory to a
2048 byte area. This routine could copy the module
directory to a 2K area and extract the necessary
information from it. This would eliminate the use of PEEK'S
and POKE'S. The only draw back I can see is. as I
understand it, Level 2 memory allocation is dynamic and
things arent always in the same location. The directory
entries and DAT images can move. At best I can say, Good
Luck. H anyone comes up wih something, drop me a fine.
Another thing, the first 4 entries-INIT, BOOT, OS9P1 and
OS9P2 -- are not saved to the BOOTMODULES. It is
assumed that they will be on track 34 or in ROM. Again for
Level 2 users, the OS9P2 is not in ROM. So. this may also
need to be adjusted. As I said earlier, drop me a line if you
have an observation. I thing for Level 1 users this should
work nicely.
PROCEDURE ayagen
DIN naae ;STKINC|6«]
DIM •!)•«* r:STK4NC| I]
DIM I, Index, FSlte: INTEGER
DIM HDStart .HUEnd ,Hodl,oc : INTEGER
DIM of (let , local Ion .place : INTECER
DIM an r«: BOOLEAN
DIN Pnaac,Mnaae:STRIHCl64]
DIM D*fdrlva:STRINCfIO|
DIM HpathilNTECER
REM Introduction
PRINT \ PRINT \ PRINT
PRINT "OS-9 SYSCEN"
PRINT "by Ron Volgta"
PRINT "April 1, 1986"
PRINT
68 MICRO
JOURNAL 1
20
September '86
68' Micro Journal
THE 68XXX JOURNAL
R£M Get • few OS-9 nodulei
SHELL "load oa9gen nakdlr copy eave"
REM Cet working drive
PRINT
PRINT "Enter working drive: ";
INPUT "".Defdrlve
IP Defdrlve-"" THEN
Defdrlve:-'7d0"
PRINT "Default drive: /dU"
ENDIP
REM Cet dlak In working drive
PRINT
PRINT "Pleaee, put a Formatted dlak In "; Defdrlve
INPUT "Preaa <ENTEEO when ready", aoawer
PRINT
REM change to working dlek
CUD Defdrlve
REM Open path for nodule Hat
CREATE IHpath,"aodulea":WRlTE
REM Create a temporary directory for boot modules
SHELL "nakdlr "+Def drlve+"/BOOTMODULES"
REM Cet location of nodule directory
PRINT
PRINT "Modules to be In new 'OS98oot'"
PRINT
KDStart:-PEEK($26)*256+PEEK($27)
MDEnd:-PEEK($28)*25b+PEEK($29)
REM Set ModNaae Index
lndex:-l
REM Pill the array with nodule nsnes
FOR l:-KDStsrt TO KDEnd-1 STEP k
ModLoc:-PEEKU)*256+PEEKU + U
IP ModLocOO THEN
COSUB 1000
IP l>MDStart+12 THEN
PRINT "> "; name; " < ";
INPUT "J Y/N ".anewer
IF enswer-"*" OR anawer-"y" THEN
COSUB 1100
ENDIP
ENDir
ENDIP
NEXT 1
REM Should we add any Modules to the boot) 1st
COSUB 1200
REM Kill the nodules we don't need snymore
REM snd close the 'modules' file
CLOSE iMpsth
KILL "copy"
KILL "nakdlr"
KILL "eave"
REM Create a Syaten Dlak
PRINT
PRINT "STSCEN a system on "; Defdrlve;
INPUT snswer
IP en*wer-"Y" OR snswer-"y" THEN
CHD Defdrlve+'VBOOTMOOULES"
CHAIN "OS9GBN "+Def drive*" <"+Def drlvs+'Vnodules"
ELSE
PRINT
PRINT "Uss 0S9CBN to creste a new systssi volume"
ENDIP
END
1000 REM subroutine to get module osae
offset :-PESK(ModI.OC+4)«256+PEEK(ModLoc + 5)
Iocs t Ion: -Mod Loc+off set
plecei-ADDB(neme)
Index: -0
■ore: -TRUE
WHILE sore DO
cher:-PBEK(locetlon+lndex)
IP chsr>$7P THEN
■ore; -FALSE
chsr:>chsr-$80
ENDir
POKE place+lndex.char
lndex:-lndex+l
ENDWHILE
IP lndex<6* THEM
POKE place+lndex,$PP
ENDIP
RETURN
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FOR THOSE WB
68 MICRO
JOURNAL
TM
'68' Micro Journal
September 66
21
FOtnnry
:-
A Tutorial Series
By: R.D. Luiie
9 Linda St
Leominisier, MA 01453
WHAT IS FORTH?
leople have asked that question many times,
and some in not so flattering a tone of voice, either.
Forth has been described as:
/. A programming language
2. An operating system
3. A philosophy
4. None of the above!
A serious answer to the question would be that
FORTH is a combination of the first three.
FORTH AS A PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
FORTH has all of the attributes of a strongly
structured programming language, but I will not
bore you with a repetition of the usual description
of (he virtues of a structured language. Instead, I
would simply like to point out some of the more
useful characteristics of FORTH, and, yes, 1 will
mention some of the "bad" points. But first, let me
give a general description of how the language
works.
Each function or procedure in FORTH is called a
"word". Each word is "defined" by an expression
which may be empty, or it may contain words
previously defined; integers may appear within the
definition. The definition has this form:: NAME
expression ; The only optional pait of the definition
is the "expression".
The : and ; tell the compiler where to begin and
end the definition which has the name " NAME ".
In the latest standard, FORTH-83, and in all of the
FORTH Interest Group versions, the name can
consist of 1 to 31 ASCII characters, all of them
significant, and the name can consist of any
combination of printable characters. Some
commonly used FORTH words are:: , . ? ! @ ;
EMIT # There is no such thing as a reserved word,
and a word may be redefined as many limes as
desired. This can get confusing to the programmer,
so it is not encouraged.
As generally implemented, FORTH is organized
as a "threaded" language. This means that, except
for a relatively few, very basic primitive words,
which are written in native machine code, all of the
remaining words are essentially a list of addresses
to which the program counter is set, in turn, until
that particular word has been completely executed.
An example can help to clarify what I mean: : AA
DUP + CR . ; The word AA is a relatively simple
definition which duplicates the top 16-bit number
on the Data Stack, adds these two numbers, sends a
<CR/LF> to the output, and then sends the sum to
the output device.
This word is compiled to: Machine Code
Function 82 Name letter count AND $80 41 CI A A
with last letter AND $801 1F5 Process a "colon"
definition. 0120 Duplicates the top stack number.
01CF Adds the two top stack numbers 0E76.
Sends <CR/LF> to the display device 02C6 Send
the top stack number to the display 003C End a
"colon" definition 5307 Execution address of the
previous word Although this example uses the
addresses from "FF9", Wilson Federici's version
of FORTH-83, the idea is the same for all common
versions of FORTH for the 68xx series.
FORTH is a compiled language because the
definition must be compiled into the pmper series
of addresses; but FORTH is an interpreted language
because each address in the definition is read and
acted upon at run-time. Forth is faster than BASIC
because it jumps from execution address to
execution address without reading intervening code;
but FORTH is slower than pure Assembler
language because of the extra steps required to find
the proper pait of the code to be executed next.
Despite being a structured language, FORTH
makes no use of variable typing. As a result, the
string "ABCDEFGH" can be treated as a string of
eight ASCII characters, an array of four 8-bit
numbers, an array of two 16-bit numbers, or a
32-bit number, interchangeable, as (he n»ed might
arise. No error signal will ever show up to
22
September '86
'66' Micro Journal
FOR THOSE WHO
63 MICRO JOURNAL *
interfere with the programmer's right to make an
unholy mess, if he isn't paying attention! On the
other hand, the compiler will not interfere with
creative programming, either. But care should be
taken to be sure that the programming doesn't get
so creative that it cannot be understood or
debugged !
FORTH and the 6809 almost appear to be made
for each other.since FORTH makes use of four
16-bit pointers/stacks. These usually are:IPY reg.,
points to next executable word SPU reg., points to
top of Data Stack RPS reg., points to top of Return
Stack W X reg., points indirectly to word being
executed. The D, X, and CC registers can generally
be used freely within a definition without concern,
but the other three registers must be stored before
use and recovered before exiting from a definition.
FORTH AS AN OPERATING SYSTEM
All versions of FORTH that I have ever heard of
contain all of the essential elements of a complete
operating system:
/ . An editor
2. A compiler
3. A run-time interpreter
4. I/O drivers
5. Mass-storage drivers
The usual FORTH editor is not very fancy,
compared to most; however, it is quite well suited
to working with the commonly used "screen". The
FORTH screen consists of 16 lines of 64 characters
(IK bytes), and the line editor is quite comfortable
with that amount of text at one time. In fact, this
article was written with the editor supplied with
"FF9".
Theie are moie sophisticated editois available for
FORTH, but this one has the advantage of being a
virtual standard. Therefore, it is possible to go from
one FORTH system to another, even on a different
machine, without having to learn a new set of
editing commands.
There are full screen editois written in FORTH
for FORTH, and there is a great advantage in that,
NEED TO KNOW!
■
.■■'.--v.:.--; ..-.-
: '■'-:■:.-■■
since any FORTH program can be readily
customized. I have written a couple of fullscreen
editors for my own peculiar combination of
hardware, but I guess that I am reactionary enough
to be completely comfortable with either the
FORTH or the FLEX line editor.
In any case, the editor is always available in the
FORTH system. All you have to do to invoke it is
to execute the command " EDITOR ".
The compiler is built into the FORTH system,
and acts the same way with definitions entered from
the keyboard as it does with definitions read from
mass-storage. Furthermore, direct execution of
keyboard entries work the same as conventional
definitions, so that quick tests of alternate forms of
a definition can be made before it is committed to a
foimal definition. This may appear trivial, but just
try it with C!
The run-time interpreter is the few bytes of
machine code which makes the indirect jumps
pointed to by the IP. On the 6809, this can be less
than a dozen bytes of code.
The relative slowness of FORTH as compared to
Assembler programs can be attributed to these bytes
of code. FORTH could take about 34 machine
cycles to make an indirect jump, as compared to as
little as 12 cycles for a simple subroutine branch
and return. This is an insignificant difference for
some operations, but significant for other
operations, and, of course, the time mounts up for
many calls. This is pretty much the same kind of
problem encountered when comparing C programs
to Assembler programs; having many function calls
is costly in time, but they sure make the original
programming and later debugging easier. It is quite
possible that a FORTH program could run faster
than a C program doing the same kind of
operations.
FORTH contains the necessary IAD diivers to link
directly to the physical devices, or else the system
can link I/O through the underlying DOS. For
example, "FF9" uses the standard I/O calls of
FLEX, but it can link directly to the printer, if
desired.
One peculiarity of FORTH terminal I/O is that it
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
23
FOR THOSE WHO
66 MICRO JOURNAL™
NEED TO KNOW!
does not automatically echo the keyboard input to
the display output. This must be done explicitly
within the program; and it does lead to some
confusion in beginning programmers. However,
the advantages to this sort of I/O outweigh the
disadvantages.
I listed item MS as the generic "mass-storage",
since tape is the storage medium for many CoCo's.
However, the real value of FORTH shines through
with multiple disks.
FORI'H is really designed to use a disk as virtual
memory, without any fancy footwork. The
FORTH screen is the normal unit of storage, but
any number of records can be put into a screen. The
FORTH disk is inherently a random access device,
and a DSDD80 disk in FLEX format would have a
capacity of 710 screens. Furthermore, with two
disks, the second disk is a direct continuation of the
first disk. In other words, the program can treat the
first disk as starting with screen MO and the second
disk starting with screen #711. Of course, with a
hard disk, the number of possible consecutive
screens is staggering!
FORTH AS A PROGRAMMING
PHILOSOPHY
All programming languages have an underlying
philosophy which, intentionally or not, have tended
to govern the way that language is used. For
example, BASIC was meant to be an easy way to
learn programming and an easy way to write
functioning programs. Pascal was meant to be a
teaching language and forces programs which are
somewhat difficult to write, but easy to read.
FORTH originated as a language for
microcontrollers and the programs tend to be terse
and memory -miserly.
It is this history of terse programming style
which has given FORTH its reputation as being
impossible to read or debug. It is also the reason
for some of the cryptic symbols that FORTH critics
love to point out and laugh at.
The present tendency in general FORTH
programming is to use descriptive names for the
definitions and to be generous with comments and
explanations. Certainly, for tight, ROM code, the
old style of FORTH is still best; but most people
are not doing that type of programming. Therefore,
we should look forward to seeing more
well-documented FORTH programs.
Another legacy of the controller philosophy is the
almost exclusive use of integer arithmetic and RPN
(Reverse Polish Notation--a compliment, not a
slur!). The 32-bit integer math can cover just about
all of the common needs, and is blindingly fast
when compared to the usual floating-point package.
PI, for example, is usually represented as 355/1 13,
which is accurate to more significant figures than is
PI in the usual floating-point package.
If you must have floating-point math, then
packages are available. In fact, there is at least one
on COMPUSERVE for the taking, and I am sure
that there are more.
RPN got a bum rap from a lot of people who
really did not consider all of its advantages. In
fact, the only thing wrong with RPN is that it is not
"natural". What they really mean is that they are
too lazy to leam a new and better way of doing
arithmetic! RPN is easy to learn and use; witness
the popularity of HP calcualtors. RPN is the
natural math form to use for any stack-related
operation, since RPN is basically a Last In-First
Out queue. What is more natural for a computer?
In closing, I would like to point out one more
"problem" resulting from the FORTH philosophy.
Since there was not much RAM left for frills in the
early controllers, FORTH does not have a very
generous supply of standard warnings and error
messages. In other words, FORTH makes very
little effort to protect the programmer from himself,
as does Pascal, etc., so the programmer must be
alert to problems with his own code. On the other
hand, FORTH is so easy to troubleshoot, because it
is stack oriented and so highly structured, that the
error rate tends to be low and easy to recover from.
Certainly, though, the programmer should
provide plenty of helpful error messages and
graceful recovery routes in all of his applications,
no matter what language has been used.
Besides, who could resist a programming
language which features the command " FORGET ?
24
September 66
'68' Micro Journal
a
A
f Mac-Watch^,
I For Thost
Needing lo
Know'
68 MJ
The Macintosh™ Section
Reserved as a
£ j|B|
A place for your thoughts
Mac-Watch
For Those Needing to Know!
BOOKS RECEIVED
an Overtook
CHILTON'S GUIDE TO
MACINTOSH REPAIR and
MAINTENANCE
BY: GENE B. WILLIAMS
This title is a MUST for the Macintosh user. While it
is simplistic in some parts for the more knowledgeable
user, it has inforaiation that is very valuable to all users.
CONTENTS:
1. BEST RESULTS/MINIMAL TTME
2. DIAGNOSIS
3. DISKETrES AND SOFIAVARE
4. DISK DRIVES
5. TROUBLESHOOTING THE BOARDS
6. POWER SUPPLIES.KEYBOARD,
PRINTERS
7. PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
8. UPGRADING YOUR SYSTEM
9. DEALING WITH TECHNICIANS
10. TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Also several appendixes: from showing the proper
way to make a case popper (very important, as the case is
a bear to unhinge, if you don't know how), Taking apart
the imagewriter is another 'gotta have' and a fairly
complete section on RAM and other upgrades to the Mac.
In our particular case we found the section of 'tables
and charts', the most valuable. All in all this book is well
worth the cost
Well illustrated with photos of the
various boards, hardware mounting
points, methods of removal, and testing
procedures. The tables and charts cover
system specs, diskette specs, internal
drive pin connections, external drive pin
connections, power supply pin
connections, keyboard pins, the RS-422
serial port pin connections, standard
parallel pin connections, standard RS-
232 pin connections, IEEE-488 pin
allocations, IEEE bus pinouts, Mac-Mac
direct connection (5 wire), Mac- Mac
direct connection (3 wire), Mac to
Modem - 4 wire, audio output jack pins,
mouse wiring, self-test sad face icon
error codes, self test RAM location chart
and self test - OF Exceptions subcodes.
RECOMMENDED
Ed's Note:
This space is reserved for you who have
written or called, asking for something
on the Mac.
Now to make it work will require your
input as well as mine. So if you want the
Mac covered in 68 MICRO JOURNAL,
then you are going to have to participate!
I will do my part, and hopefully we
can make it a worthwhile project. I will
expand the space as mateiial is received.
Send your mateiial on Mac diskettes in
MacWrite and Paint. DMW
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
25
UNSQUEEZED
A FLEX Utility
JJf you are using MODEM9
or MODEM9+ you have probably
been searching all those RCPM,
RPC, and C-NODE systems for
public domain 'C source code to
use under FLEX. If you have
had any luck at all you have
found some really fine stuff.
There are hundreds of solid 'C
programs out there. With the
XMODEM file transfer protocol
of MODEM9(+) you can
download the source error free-
However, there is one more
unhappy event awaiting you on
these systems, the "squeezed"
file.
When looking at files on a
remote computer you will
probably find some that have a
"q" in the extension (usually the
second letter of the extension). I
happened to learn about squeezed
files a few months ago.
I had found out about an
automatic index program for
reports written in 'C. I found
the program, INDEX.CQ, and
the documentation,
INDEX.DQC, on an RCPM. I
listed the files and found they
were just what I wanted. Since
they were quite long, and the
long distance lines were a bit
noisy, I used the XMODEM
protocol for transfer. Once I
listed them on my FLEX system I
found out what the teim
"squeezed" meant It does not
mean a simple space compression
scheme (like the one FLEX uses
on the disk), it means "compacted
beyond recognition".
It seems that the sysops of
these RCPM's and etc. wanted to
save space on their disks by
squeezing files. This also meant
that the time of transmission
would also be reduced (at 300
baud, long distance, this makes a
lot of sense). All you have to do
is to unsqueeze files on your
computer after transfer. There
are unsqueeze (and squeeze for
uploading) programs for just
about every computer and OS.
There are some written in
assembler and some written in C.
I have been told that the 'C
version was originally written by
Dick Greenlaw.
Anyway, I found a version of
this unsqueeze program in 'C foi
the IBM PC. The *C code for
PC's is very close to UNIX (and
FLEX) 'C. This version was
written by Richard Green and I
converted it to INTROL C for
FLEX. The program USQ9 will
convert squeezed files to ASCII
files for FLEX. I have tested the
program with files transferred in
By:
Tom Gilchrist
1450 N.Clarence #108
Wichita, Kansas
XMODEM protocol using
MODEM9+.
When transferring files, you
must use the "b" or binary file
mode and not "c" or CP/M mode
of MODEM9(+). I name the files
on FLEX just as they appear on
the RCPM system (INDEX.CQ,
INDEX.DQC, etc.). I then use
USQ9 to unsqueeze them to
INDEX.C, INDEX.DOC, etc. I
have found that the ASCII source
is 20% to 45% larger.
To compile, I use INTROL C:
ICC LJSQ9.C
then link:
ILINK USQ9 -T=5
The resulting program is
called LJSQ9.CMD. The USQ9
program will iead a squeezed file
and put the ASCII text to stdout.
To unsqueeze a file called
INDEX.CQ, you type:
USQ9 INDEX.CQ
The file will be listed on your
terminal. If you want to put it
into a file you must use the FLEX
file re-direction:
O 1 .INDEX.C USQ9
INDEX.CQ
SOME NOTES ABOUT
USQ9
1 ) The original file name is
26
September '86
68' Micro Journal
smiii iiim; i ok ai.i. 01 i s / ikom mi. oi t s
embedded in the squeeze file and
is listed to stdout. You might
want to change the program to
use this file name for the ASCII
text and write the file directly to
disk. Be careful if you make this
change because the file name
embedded might not be in a
format for FLEX. An example of
one I saw the other day is
"CUG.CAT>CUG/CAT.CQT:".
I made the program so that you
could use multiple file names on
the command line. This feature is
not impoitant unless you want to
make this change.
2) The original program had a
dash option to allow you to view
the text to stdout as a preview
instead of writing to disk.
Basically, I changed the program
to always preview and force the
user re-direct the text to a file.
3) I have found that there is
sometimes a few characters of
junk at the end of the ASCII text.
You can use your editor to delete
this junk. I am not sure where
the junk is introduced, however,
it is a small price to pay.
4) This program should work
with a few changes on OS-9,
UNIFLEX, and UNIX. (There
ate versions of usq written for
UNIX). Most of the changes
will be in the file functions.
5) Just because you transfer
C source to FLEX you can't
expect to run without checking
for compiler differences. CP/M
C code (BDS, AZTEC, etc.)
will need to be modified to run
with INTROL C. The changes
are usually not that hard.
However, system dependent code
will need a lot of work (code that
uses CP/M special features and
addresses).
Code from IBM PC C
compilers will be less work
(Lattice, etc.). As with CP/M,
code that uses PC BIOS calls will
not work without a lot of
le-writing.
6) Those of you that use
COMPUSERVE will not have to
use USQ9 in that I have not run
across any squeezed file in any
SIC
SOME FINAL
THOUGHTS
To find the phone numbers of
these remote computer, you will
need to do some hunting. There
are books that have phone
numbers, but these systems
change. 1 have found that the
Computer Shopper publication
has a good list every month.
Almost eveay month some
computer magazine has an article
on modem communications with
phone numbers of computers.
COMPUSERVE has a number of
good SIG's including OS-9, PC,
CP/M, VAX, etc. in which you
can find C code. Of course,
you might have some local
systems that will not require a
long distance call. Check with
your local computer stores and
computer clubs.
Another good source of public
domain 'C code is the "C Users
Group", PO Box 97,
McPherson, KS. 67460. While
this group is primarily interested
in BDS C for CP/M, they
welcome everyone. There is
some neat stuff on the disks they
distribute (about $12.00 each).
The membership is $10 a year.
While they don't distribute on
FLEX, you can use the CP/M
transfer program published in the
May 68 Micro Journal to convert
the CP/M disks to FLEX (I
understand that the Osborne I,
SS/SD disks work on this
program, though I have not
gotten it to work right on my
hardware).
+++
'68' MictO Journal
September '86
27
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t
It Initialise for possible eawtv tree (SPETJ oalv) »/
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ttOJ.cMldeeallJ = -IKOF * lit
it Get decodint tree fro* file e/
fori i ■ 0; i < tumodts; **il (
dnodetil.childrentOl ■ tiettdabuff);
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28
September '86
68" Micro Journal
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1
'68' Micro Journal
September 86
29
(615)
Telex 6106006630
842-4600 M
% llfttlft
5900 Caaaandra Smith fid
Hl*»orv TN 37343
lor inTorrniMgn
C«(tl«lS) Ml-4101
CoCo OI-»" FL1X"
SOFTWARE
SPECIAL
K-BASIC
K-BASIC under OS-9 and FLEX will compile
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K-BASIC now makes the multitude or TSC XBASIC Software
available for use under OS-9. Transfer your favorite BASIC
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OS-9/UnlFLEX
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JW5 / $199 / $498
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68000 UnlFLEX
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A»dlabllMy l^flwids-
F . FLEX. CCF • Cok3cCo<npu"«f FLEX
O - OS9, CCO = Color Comculw OS-9
U-UraFLEX
CCO - Cokx CompuMr Oiak
CCT . Color Compul* r Tape
'06-1 a m Imtmrrnltot McJUawa and fcteiorala
* FLEX e aTr«ri»m»* ol Technical Sysl*tm Consiiianu
Sculptor is a Trademark of Micropioacssor Developments Ltd.
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30
September B6
'68' Micro Journal
ASSEMBLERS
ASTRUK09 from S.E. Media - A "SOUdkrod Assembler for the 680?
which requires the TSC Macro Assembler.
F.CCF.$99.9S
Macro Assemble r for TSC - The FLEX STANOA HD Assembler.
Special - CCF $35.00; F SUM
OSM Extended 9808 Maao Assembler torn Uoyd to. - Provides local
labels. Motorola S-njcords. and Inlet Hex records: XHEF. GeneOrale
OS-B Memory modules under FLEX.
FLEX, CCF, OS -9 $99.00
Relocallng Assembler/Uniting Loader from TSC. •• Use with
many of the C and Paual Compl leri.
F, CCF $150.00
MACE, by Graham Trott from WneVush Moo Systems - Co-flesidertt
Editor and Assembler, fast interactive A J.. Programming for small to
medium-sized Programs.
F, CCF - #75,00
m^!tc?y& A jr» a ' ,a
CROSS-ASSEMBLERS
TRUE CROSS ASSEMBLERS from Computer Systems Consufianb) •
Supports 180&5, 2-60, 6800/1 /2T3/8/1 1 1HC 11. 6804,
680S/UC05/ 146SOS. E808/WV01, 6502 family, 8080/5.
8020/1/235/035/39/ 40/48/048/49/049/50/8748/49.
8031/51/8751, and 68000 Systems. Assembler and Listing formats
same as target CPU's formal. Produces machine Independent
Motorola S-Text
FIEX. CCF, OS9.UHFIEX Bach . $50.00
any 3 $100.00 the mmplefe set *VC Soura
except tit 68000 Some ■ $200.00
UnlFLEX 60000 - $50.00
XASM Croaa Assemblers for FLEX from S.E. MEDIA - Tliis set of
6800/1/2/3/5/8, 6301. B503, 808O5, and ZSO Cross Assemblers
uses the Familiar TSC Maoro Assembler Command Line and Source
Code format. Assembler options, etc., in providing code for the target
CPt/s.
Comatefa set. FLEX or*> $150.00
CRASMB from LLOYD VO- 8-Bit Maao Cross Assembler with same
features as OSM: cross-assemble b 6800/1/2/3/4/5/8/9/11. 6502,
1802, 8048 Sers. BO/BS. Z8. Z-80. TMS-7000 sers. Supports die
target chip's standard mnemonic* and addressing modes.
FIEX.CCF.OS .9fvgoai*ao» - $399.00
CRASMB 16.32 from LLOTD I/O -Crass Assembler tor the £8000.
FIEK CCF, OS-9 $149.00
UTILITIES
Baslc09 XRel from S.E. Media - This BasioW Cross Reference Utility is a
BasicOO Program which will produce a 'pretty printed" listing with
oadh line numbered, followed by a complete cross referenced listing of
all variables, external procedures, and line numbers called. Also
includes a Program List Utility which cutouts a fast 'pretty printed*
listing Willi line numbers. Requires BasiotfB or RunB.
OS CCOobj. oofy -$39.95; W/Sourcs -$79.95
Lueidal* PASCAL UTILITIES ( Requires LUC IDAT A Pascal ver 3)
XHEF - produce a Cross Reference Listing of any text; oriented to Pascal
Source.
INCLUDE - Include odwr Files In a Source Text, including Binary ■
unlimited nesting.
PROFILER - provides an Indented, Numbered, "Structogram' of a Pascal
Source Text File: view the overall strucsjre of large programs, program
integnty, etc. Supplied In Pascal Source Coda; requires compilation.
F.CCF—EACH S--$40.00. B'-ttO.OO
DUB from S.E. Media - A UnlFLEX BASIC decompiler Re-Create
a Source Listing from UniFLEX Compiled basic Programs. Works w/
ALL V ersions of 6809 LM7LE X basic.
U-$219.9S
(615)
Telex 5106006630
842-4600 M
%* DUttA
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hi«ton. TN 37343
for information
<»ll (Sit) S«J-«»0l
coCo os-»- rnx'"
SOFTUl/iRG
LOW COST PROGRAM KITS from S.E. Media - The following
programs are avaitab le (or F IE Xon either Sor 8 inch disk.
1. BASIC TOOL-CHEST 129.95
BLISTER.CMD:pretty printer
LINEXREFBASilinec-OBS-referericer
REMPAC.BAS.SPCPAC.BAS.COMPAC.BAS:
remove superfluous code
STRIP. BAS: superfluous line-n umbei s stripper
2. FLEX UTILITIES KIT $39.95
CATS.CMD: alphabetically-sorted directory listing
CATD.CMD: date-sorted rj recto ly listing
COPYSORT.CMD: Itle copy. alpliaberxally
COPYDATE.CMD: fileeopy. by date- order
FILEDATE.CMD-.clianBe file creation dale
IHFO.CMD<& IMFOGMX.CMD): Mlsdisk attributes icon tents
RELINK.CMD (&RELINK82): re- orders fragmented free cham
RESO.CMO:undeletes(racovers)adeletedfile
SECTORS.CMD: show sector orderlnfreect tain
XL. CMD: super textlister
3. ASSEMBLERS/DISASSEMBLERS UTILITIES
$39.95
LINEFEED.CNfD:*modularise'disassem bier output
MATH.CMD: decimst, he x, binary.ortal oon versions & tables
SKIP.CMD:column slipper
4. WORD -PROCESSOR SUPPORT UTILmES
$49.95
FULLSTOPCMD:ohe<*4 for capitalization where required
BSTYCIT.BAS (.BAC): Stylo to dot - m atr i x printer program
NECPRINT.CrV©: Stylo to dot-matrix printer filter code
5. UTILITIES FOR INDEXING $49.95
MENU. BAS: selects required program from list below
NOEX.BAC:wordindex
PHRASES BAC: pi i rase index
CON TEN r .BAC: table of contents
INDXSORT.B AC: last alphabetic sor I routine
FORMATERBAC: produce s a2-ooojmn formatted index
APPE ND,BAC:append any numberof files
CHAR Bit* line reader
FULL SCREEN FORMS DISPLAY from Computet Systems
Consultants - TSC Extended BASC piogram supports any Serial
Terminal with Cursor Control or Memory-Mapped Video Displays:
substantially extends the capabilities of the Program Designer by
providing a table-driven metfiod of describing and using Full Screen
Displays.
FandCCF, U- $25.00. WSouvb ■ $50.00
SOLVE from S.E. Media - OS-9 Levele I and II only. A Symbolic
Object/Logic Verification & Examine debugger. Including inline
debugging, disassemble and assemble. SOLVE IS THE MOST
COMPLETE DEBUGGER we have seen for Hie 6809 OS-9 seriesl
SOLVE does It alii With a rich selection of monitor, assembler,
disassembler, environmental. execution and
AvellsblWy Legends-
!!! Please Specify Your Operating System & Disk Size !!!
F . FLEX, CCF. Cohx Computer FIEX
O. OS-9, CCO = Cobr Computet OS9
U. UniFLEX
CCD - Cetor Computer Dux
CCT - Color Ccnputor Tape
"OSflisaTmrJe markolMwo wart and Motorola
" FIEX is* Trad* m ark o» Tech nical Systems Cons uttants
V
»1»
L^nnC«»
§§•? AtiitlA
QQC«»B*ndf* Smith Rd
•>* Hilton. TN 37343
fr.ro t*i.3> 842-400 1
«)*.♦• fLtl '
SOFTWARE
1 Shipping "
Add 2% U.S.A.
(mirt. S2.50)
Add 5% Surface Foreign
10% Air Foreign
■r/;-nn
'68' Micro Journal
September 66
31
«? Tel
(615)842-4600
*tll * AS?
5900 CllltiKlri Smith Rd
Hixson. TN 37343
fof mlormSNIWl
(•■ IflHi S42-4«01
CoCo os-»" pii*'"
S.FTIMRE
aware) s. SOLVE I* the MOST POWERFUL tod-
tot item you can ownl Yet. SOI.VE i» aknpto la usal With completa
documentation, a snap! Everyone who has ordered Ml package has
ravedl See review - 68 Micro jovnal - December 1985. No KW
debugging here, lull ecreen displays, rich and complete In Information
presented . Sinoe review in 68 Micro jour nal.tnll li our fastest mover I
L§vtkiailenfy-OS.9ReguiartU9.9S
SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER $S9.U
DISK UTILITIES
OS-9 VDIek from S.E. Media - For Level I only. Use the Extended
Memory copabl) lly of your SWTPC or Gtmu CPU card (or similar brmal
OAT) for FAST Program Complies. CMC execution, high speed inter-
process communications (wifldrt pipe butlers), etc. - SAVE thai
System Memory. Virtue/ Disk size Is vanabta In 4K increOment* up to
960K. Some A**ambty ReqMred.
LetW/OS »oo/ *7S95,»i'SOMrce $149 05
Of from S.E. Media - Written iei BASC09 (with Source), include*:
REFORMAT, a BASCOfl Program trial retormea a chosen emeu*, of
an OS 9 disk to FLEX Format so it cam be used normally by FLEX: arid
FLEX, e BASC09 Program that does the actual read or write function
to the special O-F Transfer Disk: user-friendly menu driven. Read the
FLEX Directory. Delete FLEX Files. Copy both directions, etc FLEX
usereuse the sped afdlekju at like any oiwr FLEXdisk
O-BB-flSflOTJO 179.95
LSORT torn S.E. Media - A SOHT/MEFtGE package for OS-9 (Level I & N
only). Sorts records with fued lengtis or variable lengths. Alow* for
either ascendrg or descending sort Sorting can be done in either
ASCII sequence or alternate collating sequence. Right, left or no
justification of data fields avalaMe. LSORT inctodes a full set at
comments and errors messages.
OS 9 $05.00
HIER from S£. Media - HER It a modem tVerart/ial storage system lor users
under FLEX It answers Die needs of those who have hard disk
capabisses on their systems, or many files on one disk • any size.
Using HIER a regular (any) FLEX dtefc (9.5. hard
disk) can have sub di rectorat e. By ttws method the problems of
asrogrsng unique nam e s to Nee Is less burdensome . Oitwrer* fees win
the enact same name may be on the same disk, as long as Itiey are In
different directories. For the Winchester user this becomes a must. Sub-
directories are the modern dey solution that aD current large systems
use. Each directory looka to FLEX like a regular file,
except they have the extension '.DIP/. A full set of
directory handling programs are included, making fw operation of
HIER simple and s»»ghtforward. A special install packsg e is included
to install HER to your parooiar version of FLEX. Some assembly
required. Install fndrcaies each byte or reference change needed
Typicalfy - 6 byte changes in source (kjmished) and one assembly of
HIE Rues rial Is requred. No progra/nmrng raquradl
•aurodUttan Spec/a/ ' $69.95
COPYMULT from S.E. Media - Copy LARGE Disks to several smaller
disks. FLEX utilities allow the backup of ANY size disk to any
SMALLER size diskettes (Hard Disk Is floppies. 8' to 5*, etc.) by
simply Inserting diskettes as requested by COPYMULT. No foaling
will) directory deletions, etc. COPYMULT.CMD understands normal
"copy* syntax and keeps up will) tiles copied by maintaining
directories for both host and receiving disk system. Also includes
BACKUP CMD to download any size "random- type He:
RESTORE.CMD to restructure copied "random* Res for copying, or
reeopying back to the host system: and FREELINK CMD as a "bonus"
utfity tliat 'relinks" (he free cfiain of floppy or hard disk. eiiTinating
fragmentation.
Completely documented Assembly Language Source files included, ALL 4
PnjOJamt(FL£X. 8"or 57 $99. SO
COPYCAT from Luctdala - Pascal NOT required. AJkws reading TSC Mrs-
FLEX. SSB DOSea. and Digital Research CP/M Disks wide operaVg
under FLEX 1.O. FLEX 2.O. or FLEX BO with 6800 or 6809 Systems.
COPYCAT wll ml perform miracle*, but. between Die program end
the manual, you stand a good chance ol accompuahj ng a transfer. Also
includes seme Utilities to help out Programs suppled ill Modular
Scarce Code (Assembly Language) to help solve unusual problems
FsndCCFF$50 00 Fa m $6S.OO
FLEX DISK UTILITIES horn Computer Systems Consultants - Eight
(8) different Assembly Language (w/ Source Code) FLEX Utilities for
every FLEX Users Toolbox: Copy a File with CRC Errors: Test Disk tor
errors: Compare two Disks: a fast Oisk Backup Program: Edit Disk
Sectors: Linearize Free-Chain on the Disk: print Disk Identification;
and Soil and Replace the Disk Directory (In sorted order). - PLUS -
Ten XBASC Programs indudsig/, A BASC Resaquencer with
EXTRAS over "RENUM* tike check for missing label definitions,
processes Disk to Disk instead of in Memory, etc. Other programs
Compare, Merge, or Generate Updates between two BASIC
Programs, check BASIC Sequence Numbers, compare two
unsequenced lies, and S Programs for establishing a Master Directory
of several Disks, and sorting, selecting, updating, and printing
paginated listings of these Itles. A BASIC Cross -Reference Program.
written In Assembly Language, which provides an X-Rst Listing ol the
Variable* and Reserved Words in TSC BASIC. X3ASC. end
PRECOMPILER BASC Programs.
ALL UbWea indude Source! (either BASC or A I. Source Code,.
FandCCF $50.00
BAStCWtiesOHLYtorlMFLEX- $30.00
COMMUNICATIONS
CMOOEM Teas nisi iro tons Program from Computer Systems
Ccyuutarnts, toe. - Menu-Driven; supports Dumb- Terminal Mode,
Upload and Download in non-protocol mode, and the CP/M
"Modem/" CUielensen protocol mode to enable cpnvnun ieation
aeaMktiesfcralrrioetaiiyrequvsrnenL Written In "C".
FLEX. CCF, OS-9. UnlFL EX, with rjxnpft*
Sours $100.00 without Source $50.00
UnFlEX 68000 mlhcompieet Source $100 00
X-TALK from S£. Merfa - X TALK consists of two disks and a apeoaJ
cable. Da hookup enat*s* a 6809 SWTPC compuax 10 dump UriFLEX
teas directly 10 the UrvFLEX MUSTANG-020. This is the ONLY
currently available mettvjd to transfer SWTPC 6809 UniFLEX files to a
68000 UniFLEX system. Glmix 6809 user! may dump a 6809 UniFLEX
file to a 6809 UniFLEX five indi disk and It is readable by the
MUSTANG 020. Ttie cable Is sped ally prepared with Internal
connection* to match the non-staridard SWTPC SCV9 I/O Db25
connectors. A special SWTPC S» cable set is also available. Users
should specify which SWTPC system he/she wishes to communicate
with the MUSTANG-020. The X-TALK software is furnished on two
disks. One eight inch disk contains S.E. Media modem program C-
MODEM (68091 and the other disk Is e MUSTANG-020 five xidi disk
Avals* Wry Lsgsnds-
Please Specify Your Operating System & Disk Size !!!
F - REX. CCF -Cote Co input *r FLEX
O . OSS. CCO a Color CompularOS-S
U.UnFLEX
CCO - Color Computer Dtk
CCT - Color CompmsrTape
• OS-9 is e Tftwnarti ol M o tii ae ana Motorola
"FLEXeaTrxdema/k of Technical Systems CortsvJiariia
%0 i*M Hill*
feV™- c>»«'«ii« Sm.iK R<t c»c„ jaya *}■■"
^•>*° •*—■'" »«» SflpTUlARE
■ nlo (614) ««3 *S0l ■■■ I Mill I III
' Shipping '
,3
Add2%USA
(mln.$2 50J
Add 5% Surface Foreign
10% Air Foreign
32
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
with C MODEM (68020). Text arid binaiy tiles may be directly
transferred between Vie two systems. The C MODEM programs are
unaltered end perform as excellent modem programs also. X-TALK
can be purchased wWi or without (lie spedal cables, but litis special
price is avail able to rag Istered MLISTANG 020 users only.
X-TAlKCamek>ie(cob>o,2<£sks) $99.95
X-TAlKSoltware(2<Ssksonly) $69.95
X-TALKwiltiCMOOEMSouce $149.95
XDATA tiom S£. Media ■ A COMMUNICATION Package for Die UriFLEX
Operating System. Use with CP/M, Main Frames, oilier UniFlEX
Systems, etc. Verifies Transmission using checksum or CRC; Re-
Transmitsbad block a, etc.
U-$299.99
EDITORS &
WORD PROCESSING
JUST from SE Media - Text Formatter developed by Ron Anderson: for
Dot Matrix Printers, provides msny unique features. Output
"Formatted" Text to the Display. Use the FPRINT.CMO supplied for
producing multiple copies of the "Formatted" Text on Die Printer
INCLUDING IMBEDDED PRINTER COMMANDS (very useful at other
limes also, and worth the priee of the program by lisell). "User
Configurable' for adapting to other Printers (comes set up for Epson
MX-80 Willi Graflrax): up to ten (10) imbedded 'Printer Control
Commands*. Compensates lor a "Double Width" printed line. Includes
the normal line width, margin, indent, paragraph, space, vertical skip
lines, page length, page numbering, cantering, fill, justification, etc.
Use wi Ui PAT or any other editor.
■Now supplied as a two diskset;
Disk #». JUST2.CMD object Ik. .KJST2.1XT PL9sovn»fLEX- CC
CSsk/2 JUSTSCob/edaiidsourcalnaFLEXOSg CC
The JTSC and regular JUST C source are two separate programs. JTSC
compiles to a version Dial expects TSC Word Processor type
commands, (pp .sp ce etc.) Great for your older text files. The C source
compiles to a standard syntax JUST.CMO object file. Using JUST
syntax (,p ,u ,y etc) With ell JUST functions plus several additional
printer formatting (unctions. Reference the JUSTSC C source. For
those wanbng an excellent BUDGET PRICED word processor, with
reaturesnoneoffheothershave. Thtsisrtl
ask (1) ■ Pt 9FLEX only F & CCF- $49.95
DiskS»l(2)FtCCFtOS9ICwslon)$S99S
OS9S8K000 atmptetewHhSarce- $79.95
PAT from SE. Media - A ful feature screen oriented TEXT EDITOR with all
the best of "PIE 11 *'. For those who swore by arid loved only PIE. His is
for youl All PE features and much morel Too many features la list.
And If you dont tike these, chsnge or add your own. PL-9 source
furnished. "C source available soon. Easily conRgursd !D your CRT,
with special con fig sec son.
RegulvFlEXSI29.S0
•SPECIAL INTRODUCTION OFFER- $79.95
SPECIA I PA TOUST COMBO (*t*oorat)
FLEX $99.95
OS-9SBK Version $229.00
SPECW. PAUHISTCOMBOSBK $249.00
Note: .lUSTIn Vaotme available tor OS 9
CEORIC from SE. Media - A screen oriented TEXT EDITOR with
availability of 'MENU' aid. Macro definitions, configurable 'permanent
definable MACROS' - all standard features and trie fastest 'global'
functions at the west. A simple, automatic terminal config program
makes this a real "no hasser pioduct. Only 6K In size, leeving the
average system over 165 sectors for textbulfer ■ appx. 14,000 plus of
free memory I Extra f»w for programm ing as well as text.
Regtiar $tt299S
SPECIALINTfKXXJCTION OFFER FIEXS692S
(615)
Telex 6106008830
842-4600 M
-.tin iitr
V KUttA
SBOO Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson, TN 37343
ror ifliormaiiort
call <«>») B«J-<J0l
CoCo o«-»*- r»ur-
SflFTUIARE
BASEOtT from S.E. Media ■ A TSC BASIC or XBASIC acreen editor.
Appended to BASIC or XBASIC, BAS-EDIT la transparent to normal
BASIC'XBAStC operation. Allows editing while in
BASC/XBASIC. Supports the tallowing functions: OVERLAY.
INSERT and OOP LINE. Make editing BASC/XBASIC programs
SIMPLEI A GREAT time and effort saver. Programmers love ill NO
more retyping entires lines, ate. Complete with over 25 different CRT
terminal con figuration overlays .
FtEX.CCF, STAROOS A-oulAr JS995
UmHadSpacUIOffmr. $39.95
SCREDTTOR III from Windrualt Mkro Systems - Powerful Screen-
Oiented EditorrWord Processor. Almost SO different commands; over
300 pages of Documentation with Tutorial. Features Multi-column
display and editing, 'decimal align' columns (AND add them up
automatically), multiple keystroke macros, even/odd page headers
and footers, imbedded printer control codes, all justifications, 'help"
support, store common command series on disk. etc. Use supplied "set-
ups", or remap the keyboard to your needs. Except for proportional
printing, this package will DO IT ALLI
6900or6809FtEXorSSBDOS.OS 9 $175.00
SPELLB 'Computer Olctronary* from S.E. Media - OVER 150,000
wordal Look up a word from within your Editor or Word Processor
Cwitt to SPH.CMD Wily wNch operates in the FLEX UCS,. Or
check and update the Text after entry: ADO WORDS to the Diefcnary,
"Flag" questionable wed* in the Text, "View a word In context*
before chsnging or ignoring, etc. SPE LIB first checks a "Common Word
Dictionary", (hen the normal Dictionary, then a 'Personal Word Liar,
and finally, any 'Special Word List* you may have specified. SPELLB
also allows the use of Small DiskStorage systems.
FaiidCCF $129.95
STYLOGRAPH from Great Plains Computer Co. A fUl-scneen oriented
WORD PROCESSOR - (uses Die 51 x 24 Olsplay Screens on CoCo
FLEX/STAR-DOS, or PBJ Wordpax). Full aeroen display and editing;
supports iheOaisy Wheel propwliyxal printers.
NEWPRIC£S6809CCFandCCO-$99.9S.
For 0$179.9S.U- $299.95
STYLOSPELl from Great Plain Computer Co. _ Fast Computer
Dictionary. Complements Stylograph.
NE WPRICES6S09CCF and CCO- $69 95,
ForO$99.95.U$l49.95
STYLO-MERGE from Great Plains Computer Co. - Merge Mailing Usl to
"Form" Letters, Piint multiple Fiies, etc., through Sly lo.
NEWPRKES6800CCFandCCO-$S9.9S.
ForO$79.95.U-$l29.95
ST YLO.PAK — Graph ♦ Spell *MergePacMgeDe aim
ForO $329. 95. U- $U9 95
0. 68000 $ 595.00
Avtllibltcty Ugandx-
F . FLEX. CCF . Color Compular FLEX
O ■ OS-9. CCO = Color Computer OS- 9
U . UniFLEX
CCO -CokH Computer Oak
CCT -Color Computer Tape
• OS a is * Trad •mart el Mierowareand Ivbiorn a
• FLEX Ita Trademark ol Technical Sysiems Const* aiii9
Please Specify Your Operating System & Disk Size !!!
,,«ft §*•? Miiii
a»»W fcwJ,C*«»antlr« Sm.lh Ro C« c ° «»•*' "" -
^»^oo Hiison , H 3!U3 eflpTmARC
' Shipping
Add 2% U S A.
(min, $2.50)
Add 5%Surlace Foreign
10% Air Foreign
«:■'.-
'66' Micro Journal
September '86
33
Telei 5106006830
(615)842-4600 M
% #••!«
3900 Caiaandra Smith Rd
Hmon, TN 37343
10* lAtO'ffiatiOft
III (lis) •«! <«0l
COCO OS-*" FLCX"
SOFTWARE
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
PUS front Windrujh Micro Systems - By Graham Trott, A oombinaSon
EcStor Compiler DebuOfier. Direct source- to-obieel corrpilaSort
deliverlrta fast, compact, re-entranl. ROW able. PIC. S & 16-bit
Integers & 6-diglt Real numbers lor al real-world problems. Direct
control over ALL System resources, Including interrupts.
Comprehensive library support: simple Mach ne Code interface: step-
by-siep tracer tor instant debugging. BOO. page Manual with tutorial
fluid*.
F.CCF- $198.00
PASC from S.E. Media • A Fled Cornpier with a definite Pascal -flavor-.
Anyone with a bit of Pascal experience should be able Is login using
PASC to good alfect In short order. The PASC padcaoo comes
complete with Wee sample programs: ED (a syntax or structure
editor). EDirOR (a simple, public domain, screen editor) and CHESS
(a simple chess program). The PASC package come complete with
source (whaen ki PASC) and documentation
FLEX $95 00
WHIMSICAL com S.E. MEDIA Now supports Real AJumoert -srudured
Programming- WTTHOLfT toeing the Speed and Control of Assembly
Language! s»>gla-ea*s Compiler features unified, user defined VO;
produces ROMable Coda: Procedures and Modules (including pre-
compiled Modules): many -Types' up to 32 bil Integers. 6-diglt Real
Numbers, unlimited sued Arrays (vectors only); Interrupt handling;
long Variable Names: Varable Initialization: Include directive:
Conditional oompilrig; direct Code Insertion; control of the Slack
Pointer; sic. Run-Time subroutines Inserted as called durng
compllallon. Normally produces WXIess code than PUB.
Fend CCF $195 00
FORTH from Steam* Elsclrontoe - A CoCo FORTH Piogranming
Language. Tattered to the CcCol Suposed on Tape, transferable to
disk. Written In FAST ML. Many CoCo functions (Graphics. Sound,
etc.). Includes an Editor, Trace, etc. Provides CPU Cany Flag
accessMity, Fast Task Multiplexing. Clean kiterrupt Handing, etc. tor
the 'Pro'. Excetent-Learring'tooll
Cotor Co^Uw ONL Y- $58.05
KANSAS CtTV BASIC from S.E. Media - Basic tor Color Computw OS-9
with many new commands and suM>m<3ic»u added. A ftil
implementation of the IF THEN-ELSE logic Is inducted, allowing
nesting to 2SS levels. Strings are supported and a subset of the usual
stnhg functions such as LEFTS, RIGHT*, MID*. STRINGS, etc. are
Inducted. Variables are dynamicaly alkxaled. Also (nduded are
additional feature* such as Peek and Poke. A must tor any Cotor
Computer user running OS-a,
CoCo OS-9 $39.95
C Compiler from Wlndrush Micro Systems by Jamas McCosh. Ful
C for FLEX except bit-fetd*. toduicsng an Assembler. Rotates the
TSC Reheating Assemofa? // user ctesres to *ri*Vnw» tit own
linnet.
FendCCF$295jOO
C Compiler from enrol - Full C except Doubles and Bit Fields,
streamlined for the 6600. Reliable Compiler; FAST, efficient Code.
More UNIX Compatible than most
FLEX, CCF,OS-9(LevelttONLY), U $575.00
PASCAL Compiler tram Lucldata - ISO Sased P Coda Compiler.
Designed especially tor rVtoocomputer Systems. Allows linkage to
Assembler Code for maximum flexibility.
FandCCFS'- $99.95 F8'-$99.9S
PASCAL Compiler tram OmegaSofl (now Certjted Software)
- For the PROFESSIONAL ISO Based, Native Code Compiler.
Prrnanty for Real-Time and Proems Control appUmiSon* . Powerful;
Flexible. Requires e "Motorola Compatible- Relo. Asmb. and Linking
Loader.
F and CCF- $425.00 -One Year MabH. $100.00
OS068000 Version ■ $900 .00
KBASIC - Tom SE. MEDIA - A "Native Code' BASC Compiler whk* Is
now Fu*y TSC XBASIC compatible. The anpiler compies to
Assembly Language Source Code. ANEW, streamlined, Assembler Is
now Inducted allowing the assembly of LARGE CompJed KBASIC
Program*. CondiltorujU assembly reduces Rurvbmepsdtage.
FLEX.CCF, OS-9Cor*>lat /Assembler $199.00
CRUNCH COBOL rum S.E. MEDIA - Supports large subset of ANSII
Level 1 COBOL wilt marry ol the useful Level 2 leaaxes. Ful FLEX
File Structures. Inducing Random Files and the abity to process
Keyed Files. Segment and link large programs et runtime, or
Implemented a* a set ol overlays. The System requires S6K and CAN
be run with a single Disk System./ very poptfarprodua.
FLEX. CCF;rVorma*/ $199.00
Special Introductory Price $99.95
GAMES
RAPIER - SUM Chess Program from SE. Media - Rehires FLEX and
Displays on Any Type Terminal . Features: Four levels of pley. Swap
side. Point scoring system. Two display boards. Change ski I level.
Solve Checkmate problems »i 1-2-3-4 moves. Make move and swap
sides. Hay whit* or black. Thle Is one of the stronger
CHESS program* running on eny mkraccxreis sr.
estmeled USCF Rating 1600* (better than most c*jt>' pie/era at
higher lev*$)
FandCCF $79.95
Avaaabikty Leoenda-
F . FLEX. CCF . Coot Compter FLEX
O . OS9, CCO s Cokw CempuMr OS-9
U-U«FLEX
CCD . Color CompuiarOiak
CCT .Color Computer Tap*
* O&a is a Trademark of Miooware and Motorola
' FlfX is a Tradamark «f Technical Sysurna Cera uKan la
!!! Please Specify Your Operating System & Disk Size !!!
' Shipping
Add 2% USA.
(min. $a SO)
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10% Air Foreign
34
September 86
'68' Micro Journal
DISASSEMBLERS
SUPER SLEUTH Irom Computer System* Consultants Interactive
Disassembler; extremely POWERFUL) Disk File Binary/ASCil
Exarrvw/Cnanpe . Absolute Or FULL Disassembly. XREF Generator.
Label ■Name Changer", and Fie* ol TBnda/d Label Names* for
diftsrenlOpwafrfi Systems.
Color CbmptA* SSSOBta(al^A.L.Scw)
CC0(32KReq'd)ObLOnly $49.00
F. $99.00- CCF.Obi.Only SSO.OOU.S100.00
CCF, wrSourcn S99.00O.S101.00
ceo, objt cwy ssojoo
DYNAMITE* •• Excellent standard "Batch Mode* Disassembler. Includes
XREF Generator snd 'Standard Label" Files. Special OS-9 options w/
OS-S Version.
CCF,C*i.Onfy$i00.00-CO.Obi.Onfy$59J9S
F. ' • S100.00-0.obitaonfyS150.00
U, * * S3O0 00
DATA-BASE ACCOUNTING
XDMS tram Westchester Applied Business Systems
- Powerful DBMS: M.L. program wM work on a single sided 5" disk, yet
Is F-A-S-T. XDMS Level I provides an "entry level* System tor
defining a Data Base, entering and changing the Data, and producing
Reports. XDMS Level II adds the POWERFUL 'GENERATE' facility
with an English Language Command Strudure for manipulating the
Data to deals new file Structures. Son. Select. Calculate, etc. XDMS
Level III adds special "Unlities" which provide additional ease in
setting up a Data Base, such as copying old data into new Data
Sirucrur es. cf iai igi 1 ig System Porarne ters. etc.
XDMS Sytttm Manual ■ $24.95
XDMSLUIF iCCF$l!9 95
XDMSLvtll FiCCF $199 95
XDMSL*mF*CCF$X9.9S
XDMS IV Irom Westchester Applied Business Systems
XOMS IV k a brand new approach to data managemBr*. 1 not only
permits users to describe, enter and relieve data, but also to process
enure Sat producing customized reports, screen display* and IBs
ovtpot Processing can consist of any ol a sel of standard high level
functions Including record and tetd selection, sorting and aggregation,
lookup* In other file*, special processing of record subsets, custom
repot formatting, totaling and subtotaling, and presentation ol up to
three related files as a "da tabasa'on user defined output reports .
XDMS IV- F, CCFSTA RODS, SlCDOS $350 .00
Upgrade a >o XDMS IV $250 00
Telex 5106006630
615)842-4600 A
5900 Csasandra Smith Rd
H.xion, TN 37343
for inlormiHort
cell («1M «41-<f0t
C0C0 0«-»" »l««"
SflFTUIARE
MISCELLANEOUS
TABULA RASA SPREADSHEET from Computer Systems
Consultants - TABULA RASA is similar lo DESKTOP/PLAN;
provides use of tabular computation schemes used for analysis ol
business, sales, and economic condition!. Menu-driven; extorsive
repert-generatoncapaMities. Require* TSCi Extended BASIC.
FandCCF.U.$50.00. */ Senna. $100 00
0YN ACALC - Electron ic Spread Sheet for the 6809 and 68000.
F. OSS and SPECIAL CCF $200.00. U -
$395.00
OS9S3KHOS00
FULL SCREEN INVENTORY/MRP from Computer Systems
Consultants - Use Che Ful Screen Inventory System/Materials
Requirement Planning for maintaining inventories. Keep* item ftetd
file in alphabetical order for easier inquiry. Locate andtor print records
matching partial or complete Item, description, vendor, or attributes;
find backs* der or below stock levels. Printouts In itom or vendor order.
MRP capability tor the maintenance and analysis of Hierarchical
assemblies of items in the inventory Ale. Requires TSC's Extended
BASIC.
Find CCF, U- $50.00. H/Souve $100.00
FULL SCREEN MAILING LIST Irom CorrvUTM Systems Consultants -
- The Ful Screen Mating Ust System provides a mean* of maintaWng
simple mailing lists. Locate af record* matching on partial or complete
name, dly, state, zip. or attributes tor listings or Labels, etc. Requires
TSC's Extended BASIC.
FandCCF,U$SQ.00,mfSaja»- $100.00
OtET-TRAC Forecaster Irom S.E. Media - An XBASC program that
plans a diet in forma of Sitter calories and percentage of carbon/draws,
protein* and fats (C P G%) or grams of Carbohydrate. Protein and Fat
food exchanges ol each of tie six basic food groups (vegetable , bread,
meat, skim milk, fruit and fal) for a specific Individual. Sex, Age,
Height. Present weight. Frame Size, Activity Level and Basal
Metabolic Rste for normal individual are taken into account. Ideal
weight and sustaining calories for any weight ol the above (^dividual
are calculated. Provides number of days arid daily calendar aher
weight goal and calorie plan is de term ned.
F-$S9.9S, U. $89.95
Avertable? Legend)*.
F . FLEX, CCF . Color Computer FLEX
O. OS-9. CCO 1 CobrCompt nor OS-9
U.UniFLEX
CCD -Color CompulsrOiak
CCT .Color Computer Tap*
" OS-9 is a Trademark of Merown end Mrtorota
" FLEX is a Trademark of Technical Sytivr* CarsjL«jr4s
!'.'. Please Specify Your Operating System & DLsk Si/e !!!
»»W."»-' iOC »»I«"<lr» Smith fid rrr ~ •"• • ••■»-
■^^^ M....n ,n 3 , 3 .> cnrTUIflBE
^r inlo 1615) t<; «»0l III I Mill Ills
" Shipping ••
ttiiil
Add2%USA
(min $2 50)
Add 5% Surface Foreign
10%AjrFoieign
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
35
IMS
Information Management System
From: CLEARBROOK SOFTWARE
GROUP
Information Management System - featuring
both relational and network capabilities. Including
tools to get the job done right\ An OS-9 application.
IMS is designed to operate on any OS-9 system
level II.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Maximum data file size
OS limited
Maximum # of records per file
OS limited
Maximum # fields/record
memory limited
Maximum # bytes per record
memory limited
Minimum # bytes per record
5
Maximum # open files
5 or 6
Maximum # keys per field
127
Maximum length of single field
mcmoiy limited
Maximum length name (field or
variable)
255
Maximum # lines per module
mcmoiy limited
Note:
OS limited: Limited by disk capacity and OS.
Memory limited: OS-9 dependent
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
OS-9 level II 6809
RAM: 128Kormore
Disk capacity: 2 DS DD of 250K. or more per
disk. Hard disk recommended for advanced
applications.
CRT: Absolute cursor addressing, clear screen,
clear to end of line.
Printer: ASCII printer with 80 or more columns,
responding to ASCII formfeed.
UPDATE POLICY:
Updates are free for the first year. After one (1)
year, updates are Si 5.00 USA, overseas $20.00.
The above information is extracted directly from
the manual. As I have received updates without
applying, 1 can only say that is one of the better
policies I have experienced. It needs to be said, in
the review of any products that updates should be
timely and no hassle! So far that has been the case
with this company.
DOCUMENTATION:
The documentation for this product is above
average for the S50 bus type software. The manual
is broken down into several major sections, with
extended tabs on heavy plastic stock. This may not
seem like much up front. But if you have ever sat
down to work with a new piece of software and had
to thumb and shift through a hundred or so pages,
looking for one particular item, then you will
immediately appreciate the manual. Over 150 pages
of tutorial and well laid out logical references. Not to
mention the several appendices.
Even the spiral binding is the type that allows
for easy insertion of updates, etc. and the disk
update we received is enclosed in its own heavy
plastic binder.
The only complaint I have with the
documentation, even with the section tabs is that
there is no index. I should hope one will be made
available in the next update. One hundred and 50
pages, more or less, is a lot of flipping for the
beginner.
INTRODUCTION-TUTORIAL
The first 60 or so pages are devoted to a tutorial,
step by step application. It assumes the user is not
too well established in developing programs of this
caliber. Nice for the beginner and even us old
hackers. I found it both instructional and beneficial,
despite having over 12 years experience developing
applications software.
Upon entering into a session by typing IMS,
OS-9 loads a screen called 'main menu'. As follows:
Directory: /DO/IMS Data: June 3. 1966
CSG IMS Executive
1. Editor
2. Generate a data file
3. Paint a acreen form
4. Deacribe a report form
5. Compile module
6. Execute • compiled module
7. Interactive environment
6. Change working directory
9. Psaa a comAand to operating
Sya
10. Quit
Your choice:
36
September '86
6B" Micro Journal
FOR THOSE WHO
68 MICRO JOURNAL™
CSG Information Management System
Version 1.x, Serial number xxxxxx
(c) 1985, Clearbrook Software Group
inc .
You are now working inside IMS and with a
structured menu. This is the manner in which most
all better development systems operate. Less chance
for error and it makes everything compatible. For
those developing software for resale, this is a must.
SELECTING
1. Editor (TX)
Immediately displayed are two items. A menu of
files available to be worked on - (.into - .ide). .imo
files are IMS modules, .ide are data descriptors. The
extensions are recommended for all IMS files.
2. Generate a data file
Prompt is: Name of file descriptor:
You type in the name of a file from the menu list
above.
3. Paint a screen form
Prompt is: Data base file(s):
This option allows you to design the file form.
Also can generate an IMS module to maintain files
used in this form.
4. Describe a report format
Prompt is: Data base file(s):
This option then waits for you to type in the files
you wish to create or edit a report form. Available
data files are listed above the prompt. Also it allows
you to design the report form and generate an IMS
module to maintain the report.
5. Compile module
Prompt is: Source file to compile:
Possible file names are listed above the prompt.
The module was created in the editor. Then it must
be compiled.
6. Execute a compiled module
Prompt is: Module to execute...
NEED TO KNOW!
Enter a compiled module. It must have been
compiled first, using item #5 above.
7. Interactive environment
This menu item allows queries on the file
information and gets instant results.
8. Change working directory
Just what it says. Change your working
directory to any other directory, on the system.
9. Pass a command to the operating
system
Again, just what it says. Execute a shell
command.
10. Quit
Not too hard to figure out.
Included with the software package is a set of
tutorial and example programs. The one used in the
tutorial is a well developed 'maillisl & Payroll'.
If it is called in the item #6 of the above menu, a
form will be printed to the screen. This particular
'maillisl' has 5 pre-defined fields. It is easily
remodeled to suit others needs.
NOTE: both Payroll and Maillisl can easily be
developed into very complete programs. They are
very useable as they come. However, knowing
many of you, my guess is that some changes will be
made.
After the form is filled out, by typing the
necessary information as requested, a small menu is
printed on the bottom of the screen as follows:
Insert Update Clear Delete First
Last Next Previous Key Search
Quit
Each is selected by typing in the first letter of the
desired word action.
Insert adds the screen data to the disk file.
Update This updates a file that was previously
found using Search, First, Last, Next or Previous.
Clear This will clear the fields on the screen.
However, the file is untouched unless you Update
after the Clear.
Delete This deletes the record displayed on the
screen.
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
37
First Selects the first record in the file. This
could be displayed as the first alpha sotted key file,
if the key exists.
Last This displays the last record, according to
the key.
Next According to key, the next record is
displayed.
Previous Right, this displays the previous
record. See how easy it is getting. All fooling aside,
it is an easy system to master, considering its power
and rich set of functions.
Key The key option piints the prompt:
Choose one field:
* 1 . - NOKEY
2 . - name
Selection?
The files are ordered by the current key. The
asterisk denotes the key in use. In this case the
NOKEY. However, a 'name' key has also been
created by alphabetical order. NOKEY is special in
that it retrieves data in the order it is cieated.
EDITORS
There are three different editors that are
furnished with the system. First is TX, a very nice
text editor. TX is a standalone program, furnished to
make editing files of this nature easy in OS-9 (know
what I mean, Vern?) TX has many of the text editing
functions found in more expensive text editors. Of
course it, as well as all the other IMS facilities,
requires that you have used the accompanying
configure facilities to configure your CRT to the (at
least) minimum requirements (above).
A 'keyboard' composing the K J H L keys
control rapid cursor movements. Also there are the
usual advanced editing functions, including Help,
Cut, Duplicate, Paste, Write, etc.
Screens are accessed by the A N to next screen
and A P to previous screen. Also included are the
usual Find/Replace, Delete Character (under the
cursor A D, delete left of the cursor DEL key). Also
A U Undeletes a character deleted by the DEL key.
That character having been stored in a special buffer.
This action causes the last deleted character to be
placed at the current cursor position. Another A U
would cause the next character in the delete buffer to
be placed at the cursor position, etc. OS-9
commands can be passed to the shell from this editor
also.
Of course, in addition to these, and many other
features too numerous to detail here, are the normal
editor functions such as SAVE, LOAD, CLEAR,
and QUIT.
FORMS EDITOR
The Forms Editor is an excellent editor for
creating and maintaining single screen forms. Forms
so created allow interactive I/O with one or more
data files.
As with the text editor the keyboard has the
same cursor keys setup, with many of the same
commands (those necessary in the design of a foim).
One function not to be overlooked is the MASK
function. MASKs are field names. By the use of the
MASK command, general forms may be set up and
field names only changed (inserted as a new foim is
needed). A real time saver and necessary for those
who will develop and sell software developed under
IMS.
Additionally there are commands for drawing
the boxes (prompts, headers, etc.) practically
anywhere on the screen, also boxes may be deleted
by these functions.
The normal open, close, help, load, etc.
commands exist as would be expected.
A special GENERATE command allows the
forms editor to generate a program in the
applications language, that will use any screen form.
It allows date entry, editing and maintenance.
REPORTS EDITOR
This program allows a simple and easy way to
define a report form. The user fashions the report
form to suit the requirements of the related data files,
to suit whatever degree of complexity or simplicity
he/she desires. It may be edited and changed at a
later date, if desired.
Again the normal keyboard and cursor keys
prevail. Most all the normal editing features are
included, plus some special ones necessary to
generate the desired report forms.
Very complex and complete reports are easily
generated by this program. This and the forms
generator program can literally save the average
programmer hundreds, if not a few thousand hours
of programming by most any other method, for
projects of larger size. But then I guess that is what
advanced development tools such as IMS are all
about.
IMS Language
The heait of the system is the IMS applications
language, IMS1, with a very rich and complete set
of commands, instructions, functions and I/O
directives. File structure is a concurrent B+tree type.
This is very fast and allows concunent updates. The
natuie of I MS I encourages structured programming.
Data types supported are INTEGER, LONG
INTEGER, REAL, DATE AND TEXT.
Arrays are multi-dimensional. Date formats are
user defined. The system suppoits up to 161 million
records. Which all sums up to a very powerful but
easy to use development system!
Conditional/Relational operators: AND,
NOT, OR, XOR, relationals: <> = <=>=<> BW
CrSL.
Conversions. DATE, INTEGER, LONG,
REAL, TEXT, VALUE.
Date related: DATE, TIME, TODAY.
36
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
Error trapping: ERROR, RESUME,
RESUME AT, RETRY. SET TRAP.
File related: CHD, CHECK, CLEAR,
CLOSE, COPY, DELETE, DUPLICATE, EOF,
FIELD, field name, FIND, FILE TAG, INSERT,
KEY, key clause, LINK, LIST, MARK,
MARKED, OPEN, range, RECORD, REINDEX,
SCAN, UNLINK, UNMARK, UPDATE, USE.
Input related: ENTER, ESCAPE, GETKEY,
INPUT, KEY PRESSED, MASK, SET
Miscellaneous: arrays, constants, data type,
EXECUTE, expression, identifiers, LET, NOTE,
operators (+ - * %), SET, SHELL.
Numerical functions: ABS, ASCII,
INTEGER, LENGTH, LONG, MAX, MFREE,
MIN, REAL, ROUND, SIGN, SQRT, SUBSTR,
TRUNCATE, VALUE.
Output related: CLEAR FORM, CLEAR
LINE, CLEAR SCREEN, DISPLAY, EJECT
PAGE, HELP, LINE NUMBER, LOCATE,
MASK, PAGE NUMBER, PRINT, SET, TAB.
Program control: CALL, CASE (WHEN,
ENDWHEN.ENDCASE), CHAIN, END, EXIT,
GOSUB-RETURN, GOTO, IF (ELSE ENDIF),
LABEL, LOOP, END LOOP, MODULE, QUIT,
REDO, REPEAT-UNTIL, WHILE-ENDWHILE.
Text functions: CAP$, CHR$, LEFTS,
LENGTH, LIBRARYS, MASK, MAX, MID$,
MIN, PADCENTER$, PADRIGHTS, RIGHTS,
SOUNDS, SUBSTR, TEXT, TIME, TRIMS,
VALUE.
WHEEEEEEEE!
Now, there is no way I can demonstrate or
explain all of the above 1MSI functions, etc, in a
review. Many of you can readily deduct the
meaning. Others may not be so easily guessed, but I
can assure you that there is something there for
practically any application! However, if you are on
the lookout for a really top class OS-9 development
system, the above should convince you this package
deserves your close attention.
Additional features
Some of the additional features are as follows. A
Universal Terminal Driver. This is a collection of
programs to allow the user total terminal control.
Four utilities are related and furnished:
MKTERM-makc terminal drivers. /ISSOC-associate
a terminal to a physical device. NMALL-names all
terminal drivers and known physical devices
associations. 77v\4A/£-namcs the terminal driver a
device is associated with.
Since starting this review I have received two
updates. Currently to version 1.2. In addition to the
above which applies to version 1 .0 are the following
additions. UNLOCK <file tag>.TX has been
68 MICRO JOURNAL 1
FOR THOSE WHO
NEED TO KNOW!
expanded with an 'over write' function. And the
universal terminal driver supports additional
addressing types. This information is of more
importance to present users, rather than any new
users, due to the fact that Clearbrook's policy of
updates is very timely.
TX can be ordered as a separate program for the
sum of $50.00.
A utility called LIBR (not furnished for this
review) is a utility that is for maintaining libraries of
ROF object modules. It is useable with Miciowaie C
and the RMA assembler. 6809 version $50.00, from
Clearbrook, see advertising this issue.
Finally, a version for OS-9 Level I is to be
offered soon. Also a 68000 version should be
available soon. I have not seen either yet, but will let
you know about them as soon as they are released
for review. However, I am told that the 68000
version will be English Language Interfaced.
Example:
WHO HAD SALES OVER 51000 JN MARCH?
Instead of (present query type):
LIST ALL FOB SALES (3) > 1000 PRINT NAME
Neat huh? Bet the 6809 crowd will clamor for
that, and soon. Either way, 6809 or 68000 version,
IMS is a MUST for those doing serious program
development!
They did it again. Just I was wrapping this
review up and getting it off to 68 Micro Journal,
they up and sent me another update, 1.3. Also other
information to pass along.
Version 1.3 is now being shipped, and available
for udate to registered owners.
Also they claim it is now 28% faster. It was fast
already! Several new functions. One sets
single/multi user mode. Single user runs even faster.
A SORT statement for data file sorting was added.
They report the 68000 version is ready for
shipping (no price mentioned, and we did not
receive one yet for review, so will have to tell you
later). Source programs are compatible between
6809 and 68000 versions, so they say. That's it
folks, a wrap.
+++
68' Micio Journal
September '66
39
NOMKNIIV, I OK All. OF I S / I UO\l
or I S
BIT -BUCKET
(By: All of us.
®
CO I TUR I AL COTACTi
MOTOROLA INC. n*rk v*rcr UT eae
512/928-680*
Microprocessor Products Group
P.O. Bo* 3600
Austin. Texas 78764
Far further information contact
UA R8 CONTACT)
Ocan Motley
$12/928-2839
rnquiKT K&SfONSSi
I.Q. Green
P.O. Box 52073
Phoenis, A2 65072
ajJTOtOLA TKfflaOXOCT STUSCTOHS THE
MC68020 A3 TU 1NPUST&T STAHMMD
Au»Cin, Teices, June 18, 198ft,.. Since Its introduction In June
19*4, Motorola's MC680 20 has baco«M the 32-bit MPO parfonicce
atandard. Juat look at the Hat of ayairas using th* HCfc8020
(ee* attached llgurae). Urea* are the companies mho have publicly
announced using the MC68020 L Many aart are la (he ronl (deel | ■ :
daalgn stage.
To make the MC68020 a auccess , product Ion capability auit be
In place. In 1984, Notorola shipped $.000 MC68020 unita. TTie
proceia was tuned to Increase yields In 1985, thu« allowing the
shipment of over 50,000 MC68020 proceaaora. for 1986, Motorola
plana to deliver wore tbeo a quarter of a Billion MC68020* a.
The J2-btt market La here today and thriving*
In order to supply the production volvme required, the technology
auat be in place. Motorola hae been vanuiacturlng atandord CH0S
far over 10 year*. Thla background gives Motorola the experience
to develop High apeed CH0S (HCKOS) for Vl„si devlcea like the
HCb8020. The current HCH0S process la J year* mature.
The MC68020 la proceaaed with 1.7 ni cron HCNOS uaing a unique
alnglt metal layer with filicide* THs MC68020 chip layout la
not interconnect bound, therefore a alngle layer mctet procaaa
with alllclde it uaed veraua a two layer metal proceaa. Thla
unique HCMOS a 1 1 Iclde procaak a I Iowa the MC68020 to run at tha
higheat clock frequency of 20 Mhz and ulntaln a manuf scturable
yield.
TTie U.S government tr I services (Amy , Navy « Air Force) have
inati tilted a raacarch progrsa nsmed VHS1C (Vary High Speed
Integrated CircuLti) to develop edvanced processes, archltecturea ,
and packaging. Tliere are two phases tn thia progrsau
Phaae 1 - Motorola produced a IK X 4 Static RAH at 25
Mhz ustng a 1.25 aileron CMOS proceaa.
Enhancement ■ to thia proceaa are now In prograai.
Phase 2 - To develop a 0.5 aileron CMOS (now tn production)
and en advanced bipolar proceea-
Hotornla'a atandard conacre Lai product ft Like the MC68020 fenl Ly
vili utilize thla VIIS1C e*pvrtlae In the future to continue
offering the hi gheat performance HPU EabjI ly . TTie next generation
sub-micron HCKOS proceaa for atandard come re Lai products will
be tn production by 1989.
The Motorola MC68020 haa greater than BOX of tha 32-bit market.
There are aeveral reaaona for thla aucceaai
1. Higheat performance 32-blt MPU at the beat price (9176
quantity 100)
2. Complete 32-blt architecture with 17 general purpoae
registers
3. On-chip Instruction cache and pipe Una (>3>1 Increase
tn peif»Tmaru-r)
U. Para I lei lam a 1 lowing elmultaaeoua Instruct (on and
data fetchea
5. Higheat performance floating point coproceaaor (>1
Mega Whetstone) MC68B81
6. Varietlle Paged Memory Management Unit <fHMU) MC68851
The iteaa Hated above are features and capabilities, which are
only valuable if they are delivered reliably in high volume at
the right price. Motorola la now shipping the MC68020 at 12.5*
16.67i and 20 Mhz In full production.
40
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
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MOTOROLA'S VHSIC PROGRAM
PHASE I
• DEVELOPED 1.25 MICRON CMOS
- PRODUCED IK X A SRAM AT 25 MHZ
-ENHANCEMENTS IN PROCESS
PHASE II
- DEVELOPING 0.5 MICRON CMOS
AND ADVANCED BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGY
63000 FAMILY PRODUCTS TO UTIl I2E VHSIC EXPERTISE
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
- VHSIC (VERY HIGH SPEED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS)
- U.S. GOVERNMENT TR1 SERVICE PROGRAM*
ARMY. NAVY, AIR FORCE
• TO DEVELOP ADVANCED:
PROCESSES ARCHITECTURES PACKAGING
•COMPANIES INVOLVED:
HONEYWELL IBM MOTOROLA TRW
• MOTOROLA: THE ONLY SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURER
AWARDED A CONTRACT
MOTOROLA HCMOS TECHNOLOGY
. 3 YEARS MATURE / IN PRODUCTION NOW
■ 1.7 MICRON MANUFACTURABLE IN VOLUME TOOAV
-SUB 1.0 MICRON BY 1999
■ SPEEDS NOW UP TO 20 MHZ
-UNIOUE SINGLE LAYER METAL WITH SIUCIOE
• MANUFACTURABILITY • BETTER YIELDS * LOWER COSTS
• HIGHEST SPEEDS IN THE INDUSTRY
-HCMOS PRODUCTS INCLUDE:
-32 SIT FAMILY (BSOJO MPU. MM1 FPCP, 6M51 PMMU)
- SERIAL PROCESSING UNITS - SPU (SM24 TBC. 68605 XPC)
- MCU (S8HCC5C4, ««HC11)
-STATIC RAMS
68' Micro Journal
September '86
41
SON! II HIM! I OK A\ L Ol IS / IUOM
Ol I s
PUBUCLY ANNOUNCED MC68020 MPU CUSTOMERS
MUl TIUSEH Of FICE COMPUTER
ALPHA MICRO
ALTOS
C. ITOH
CASIO
CHARLES RIVER DATA
CONVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES
DATA-COMP DIVISION.CPI
DATA MEDIA SYSTEMS
FORTUNE
HARRIS
HONEYWELL
INTERTECHNIOUE
MOTOROLA COMPUTER SYSTEMS
NCR
PERTEC
PLEXUS
QIJOTRON
SPERRY
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
PARAI1F1 PROCESSING
ARETE
BOLT BERANEK and NEWMAN
BURROUGHS
CALTECH
FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY
FERRANTI COMPUTER SYSTEMS
FLEXIBLE
ICON
NIXOORF
OMNIBYTE
PARALLEL COMPUTERS
SANYO
TANDEM
WESTINGHOUSE
CAFJGRAPHICS WORKSTATION
APOLLO
AT&T
CADNETICS
CAMBRIDGE MICROCOMPUTERS
COMPUTERVISION
COUNTERPOINT
CSEE
HEWLETT PACKARD
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS
KMW SYSTEMS
MASSCOMP
PENTAX
PIXEL SYSTEMS
SILICON GRAPHICS
SUMITOMO DENKO
SUN
SUNTEK
TADPOLE TECHNOLOGY
TEKTRONIX
HOBOTICS/F ACTORY Al ITOMATION
ALLEN-BRADLEY
AUTOMATIX
BAILEY CONTROLS
CIMLINC
GM
MITSUBISHI
PBX TFI FP HONE SWITCHING
ALCATEL-THOMSON
NORTHERN TELECOM
SIEMENS
VMEbuS AND SINGLE BOARD COMPUTERS
A5EA
BICC VERO
DATA-COMP DIVISION/CPI
DUAL SYSTEMS
DY-4 SYSTEMS
ELECTRONIC MODULAR SYSTEMS
FORCE COMPUTERS
GENERAL MICRO SYSTEMS
GMX
GOODSPEED SYSTEMS
HAGENER AKLASSER
HEURIKON
IMP
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS
INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE
IRONICS
KONTRON
LYNX BUSINESS MACHINES
MATROX
MICROBAR SYSTEMS
MICROPROJECT
MI2AR
MOTOROLA MICROSYSTEMS
OMNIBYTE
PACIFIC MICROCOMPUTERS
PEP
PERFORMANCE TECHNOLOGIES
PLESSEY
SORD COMPUTER
SYNTEL MICROSYSTEMS
SYSTEMFORSCHUNG
VDS
WESTECH SYSTEMS
DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS
APPLIED MICROSYSTEMS
LANGUAGE RESOURCES
MICROTEK INTERNATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATION
TELESIS
THOMSON LAVAL
VAUD LOGIC
Mil ITARY OVER ?G CONFIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT PROJECTS
AIRCRAFT
COMMUNICATIONS
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS
MISSILES
RADAR
SHIPS
SUBMARINES
TANKS
AND MORE . . .
mrratout ' j tsacii ocsicn oann sold mrt
uocuKU awnsT 11
AUSTIN, TIUI. JUKI 16, 19»«... Motorola Nlcrof rod .or Croup
aooouncaa a aav DoiIkd CooCaic feaaad oo tha N6BBCUKV1 to tuccaod
tha original I Sduarad • HC Caetoat which baa aold out. Tha
HtMCllZM la ■■ avaluatloa hoard lor tba HCUatll • laa.la-chl p
HC8 aod allova tha uaar Co davalop aoftvara aad parlors alogla
chip aauLatlon, whll* Kotploi Lfcaai haroaa awara of rno b#n»(JH
42
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
SOMKNIIV; I OK ML Ol IS / I KOM M.I, Ol I S
of KKPSOH 0* HCUe. Coataet II li«iur«i cbouaaoda of dollars
la prims end *d utindid tlat period CO prepare a coateat wntr*.
Tvo i hautjnd HhSHC I If Via u«m prepared tot t ha ortfinjl Italian
Conteac. "Wp really thought that -* had a aat ujaecory rmstitr
of boarda (or the Dealgn Corneal", atated Marketing Managar Stave
Harsh. "Any t law you sail a 2 yaar supply of product In 2 ueaks ,
you ara In lor a aurfrlaa", ha coniinuid.
Dua to Eha unprecedant ad succeee ol Ihc original HbHHCllEVB Dealgn
Contest, not all prospective contattanti hava racalved contait
aaterlals. "Apparent l*. several Motorola Dipt rlbutora did not
hava a ayataai In placa to datact that thair boarda ware aold
out"* Marsh stated. Cuitoatn who dlJ not act (aat enough to
obtain one ol thai tvo thousand original conceal boarda, ahould
order Contait 11 H6BMCIltVBs fro* thatr Authorised fotorola
Dlatrlbutor before tha July 11, 19flb daadllna.
The awjterieli (or Con l vat I L and tha original Dealgn Con taat
ara virtually tha aaaw . Ha tar l « la contain a rlbBKCl lEvb. Ra fere nee
Manual*, details far fraa and discounted attftwar*. and suich aar«
Tbe Monitor on tha MbBHCIlEVB (vaturaa a Una
aaaaaslar/dlaaaicsiblar, a tract (aatura. oultlple breakpoint
■attlng, down load coaundi, staory and reglater, displaying
and aodifylng, and a uiir help coaaaand. By connecting the EV&
to a tar-gat ayataai, sui.h aa an IBM PC, i ha uitr aay Motets] tha
HC68KC1I in tha tingle chip isod* of operation. Together tha
asasablar and tha EVB provide a very economical meant of writing,
downloading ami debugging uitr h oda , and evaluating target eyateoi
poTforatanc* The heard nay alao be used ai a stand alona
controller. Mjch as in a distributed network ptoctfiini tyata*.
Thrrtf -ill br jn urtl isji ttrd ae*i*jnt oi HoSHCUEVBe available lor
Contest U Tha tvS la available through Hocorola'a Authorised
Distributors lor Sl66.ll. However. Motorola will rebate 568.11
If a qualified design entry la auoonttad.
Par sore lnlormailon contact your local Motorola Sales Office
or Authorized Motorola Distributor.
hOTTjaOUl'S rHJbSSSl fTJMTlUC POlVT COrtOCXSSOS
ItlAKS TMI I MILL I OH VtuTIbfUBC
rUrOsTUHCl UiHU
Austin, Texas, June IS, 1Mb... Hocorola'a HCbSSBI Floating
foist Coprocessor (mr), ;■ cos>bJnet Ion with Hot oral* 1 • HCtSQJtJ
32-blt HFU at lb. 6/ Nab. baa eurp*ae«d the 1 -til loo Wfcetetone
perforauace barrier, mm reported by SlUcott. valla' Software
(Fortran cossallar), Susi (eagloaerleg vorketaiioee} , see Haaacoap
(eeg I searing worst cat tooa) . Tfuj HCbSSS I ' a performaa.ee la due
Eat a asfUltoda of optimised float log: polot rwtliai la karowajr*
coupled wltb • 16.47 Mha clock frequency. Too Wltetatoeaj booclaoark
la a progras* draigned to taat i he casswiatleul caaublUl !*■
of a ayataai.
Tha HC68B8L r"PCP oitin over *»0 different floating point functions
In hardware, *o re than any other coprocessor on tha urket (lee
attached figure). Trie MCbBBBL handles full extended precision
(SO bile) for t r igonotsetr les, hyperbollCa. exponent lala , logar lchas ,
absolute valuea, square roota. etc., all In hardware. No software
envelop* la required (llRa other M?V faoiltca In tha aarket).
Alao, tha PPCP takea control of tha float Ing point calculation
completely, thua releasing the suiin proceeaor (HC6SQ20) to continue
execution of other instructions. This feature la cat led
concurrency which la a key technique uaed In aupercoaiputera to
tncreaae ayataai per f oreuince.
floating point arlthaartlc la a dally raqulriaant in everyday
life since the real world cannot fac defined by plain Integer
sath. For eaasiple, ihe calculation ol cosipound interest payments
sujda to a savings account in a bank raquirea tha use of floating
point arithmetic. In siany tuci. tha syetea'a MPV will incut*
aolluara which dalinet varloua floating polnl Inat ruct Ions .
Morually these are the basic four functlona (add, eubtrect,
mull Eply , and divided, Lut aiutr coapleM aquations art required
for both bualnaaa and engineering applications, To laprovi the
epeed of theee calculationa tha floating point (unctions are
placed In
THE MC68881 FPCP IS NOT JUST ANOTHER
4-FUNCTION CALCULATOR
ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
FAOD Mi
FSUB
FINT
FNEG
FNOP
FSORT
FMUL
FDIV
FMOO
FREM
FSCALE
Subtract
Take Intake* pari
Negate
NoOpetaion (Sync)
SquaitRool
FGETMAN Relum ManlcSia
FTST Tesl tne Operand
FGETEXP Return Eiponenl
FCMP Compare
Multiply
Modulo
Ftarrujinder
Scale Eirponem
FSGLMUL SinfltePrec Mutliply
FSGLOtV Single Prec Divide
PLUS...
MOVES, BRANCHES,
TRAPS, and MORE!
TRANSCENDENTAUNSTRUCTiCNS
FSIN Sine
FASIN Arc Sm
FSINH H/peitmlic Sine
FCOS Cosmo
FACOS Arc Coane
FCOSH HyperbolicCosine
FSINCOS SimurtaneOus Sine Cosine
FTAN Tangent
FTANH Hypertiotie Tangent
FATAN Arc Tangent
FATANH Hyperbolic Arc Tangent
FETOX ewrneXPower
FETOXM1 e to the (X-1J Power
FTENTOX 10 to ttw X Power
FTWOTOX 2 to toe X Power
FLOG10 tngarttrim base 10
FLOG? LogariHim base 2
FLOGN Logarithm base e
FLOGNP1 Logarithm base eo!(X»1)
t36' Micro Journal
September '86
43
so\ii:tiii\<; iok all oi i s / i uom all ol is
Roallng Point Performance
Avg
ffiUffiSSffli si
.IB
SINE
■
{? Som«4i«)
12 [Sortwara Assisied)
'%%% 19 I233K Wiwtslonei)
018I222K WNrtsla/**)
1
91 04 01 CI 1
Relative Performance
■■■■■1 MC6
trrs//n ns3
BS31
!08I
287
1 1 IAPX
10
1.0(1206 K VWWstone*)
MC68881 CONSTANT ACCURACY
IF YOU TRY TO LOC ATE A
SPECIFIC POINT ON THE
MOON FROM EARTH AT
250.000 MILES
THE POINT YOU LOCATE WOULD
BE ♦/■ O.ZA FROM THE TARGET
POINT!
(LESS THAN ONE BILLIONTH OF AN INCH)
CLEARBROOK SOFTWARE GROUP
SOFTWARE UPDATE NOTICE
Version 1.3 of Clearbrook Software Group's
Information Hanagenent System for OS9 6809 Is
now available. Its many enhancements Include:
1. Faster by about 28%.
2. SORT statement to sort a data file.
3. SET SINGLE USER ON/OFF for faster operat-
ion on single user systems.
4. Reduced code size/ increased data size.
5. Supplinentary manual (to replace READ. ME
file) .
6. Data/Index compatible with version 1.2 and
CSG IMS 68000.
CSG INS is now available for 0S9 68000. Data
and Index files can be transported between
6809 version 1.3 and 68000 versions. Programs
are source compatible between versions.
To get your free version 1.3 update/ send
your original version 1.2 disk (and your
registration form if you have not returned It
yet) to:
Clearbrook Software Croup Inc.
Box 6000-499
Sumas. WA 98295
(604)653-9118
n
ll IL_
hfcKHW A« ■ M
rata* 3M&T&
Daar Sir,
I .. pl.a.ad co msounc. • o bar to our t.at arowlaa flit
of C-64 bun product*. ■ high pirforMici local araa coacrollar
board oo a alaa.lt htla.bc Zurocard.
Thin board vlll allow tho arataa lntaarator a Halt aavaral G-bi
alcrocoapucara toaathar la a dlatrtbutad procaaalfift archltaecv.ro,
Tbla aacvark board, in eoajunctloa vlth othora Co ba ralaaaad
agon, vlll protlda C-64 bua uaara with a aatawif co aotb VMS bua
and UH-PC bua.
I von Id bo iratatul 1C you could loforo cbo roadara of your
publication about chlo aicltloa, na* datalopaaat. You will Mad
aacloaod a praaa hit va praparad co that purpooa.
Plaaaa faal craa Co coll aa It you hara aar quatllooo or aaad
■ora laforoadon.
llacaral? j/aura,
Coaaa Fabouctaldla
Fraaldaal
CP/c
Eacloaura
CISPaC I mo DUCES [NTELLtGfcNT LOCAL Attk KETHOtt
COHTBOLLCB CA2D F0* THE C-6* BUS
Haaa, kl, July IS, 19B»— CESPaC tae. latroducoa aa lacalltgaac
local oraa attworh coacrollar board, built on a ala|lo halftht
gurocard, and coopatlbta with cha ataadard C-64 bua,
Taa CBSNKT-U allowa cha uaar Co Uok up Co 30 C-6* baa baaad
■Icrocoaputar afaCaaa through a ataadard coastal cabla la a
dlatrlbutad procaaaln| aavlroaaaut. Tba hoard la ldaallf aultad
for laduacrlai aad procooo cvacrol appllcatlooa.
Othar varalooo of cbo C&SHCT-U vlll oooa ba Ucroducad by CESPAC
tax cha IBM-PC bua aad VHE bua. Thla vlll alio* tba afataa
lataarotor Co Had aavaral froat-aad G-6» ayttaaa to a hl|bar
44
September '86
'66' Micro Journal
SOMLI HINC. I OK ALL <)1 IS / I KOM ALL <)1 IS
parforaaaca auabar cruachar baaad on VNK bva, and/or to so
leoapoaatva huaan latarfaca baaad oa tha IBI-PC or cloaa.
Tha CESSIT-U uaaa a laaa-land XtZ data aodulodon aod. at apaada
aP to I Magablta par aacoad. Tha celllaLea arbitration alsorltha
• ■•d br tha CESMST-IA la • Culllilll Saota Multtpla Icon /
Collloloa AroLdanca (CSMA/Ca) arulcractoa achaaa. Ia chla aoda.
whan a colllilon la datactad, tha collldlo* aodulaa will quickly
coapara chair ldanll f Icac ton nuabar In tha data haadar. Tha
Leant priority aod*laa will raaova thoaaalvaa Iroa tha cabla.
allowing tha olgheat priority aodula to tiki control of tha
aatvofk.
CSHa/CA la a **tj faat aachantaa and will oparaca without
difficulty on cabla lanitha of up to 1000 foac.
ahova 1000 faat, tha propagation dalaya loducad by tha cabla
affacta tha af f ac tiaaoaaa of Colllaloa arbitration circuitry and
tba board will luton tlca I I y aulcch to oa Echaroac-llka CSHa/CD
Colllaloa Dacaccloa aada. Tha CESNET-ln cao oporoca on labia up
to 3000 foot loos.
Tba CISNET-1A coatoloo Ita owo high apaad Z60 alt rc-Procaaaor
raapoaalbla for auparvlalog tha coaauilcotloaa . Tha va-aOard
flravara laplaaaata tba flrat four layara at tha aa.aa layar Opah
Sjatna latarconoacta apaclf lea tloa. Tha GB5KET-1A la capobla of
OKA and allowa blocka of data to ba t raaaparaat I y tranafarrad
Iroa oaa ajataa'a aaaory to anothar's oa tha aatworm.
Tba board will oparata with any of tha Boat parforaaat 16-blt CPU
avallabla oa tha aataadad C-64 bua. auch aa tha bfiOOO, 68010 and
•0216. Tha C.6A boa la a aacoad gaaaratloa 16-blt •«■
apaclflcally alaad at sldranga industrial application* Ita
coapact alngla halght Surotard fora factor and high rallabtllty
All-41612 Pln-ln-sockae connactor aaka It particularly raalataat
to hard an»l ronsaatal coadltlohk.
Tit CtSKCT-H la aupaorcad with aottwara Iflvata which alio*
Antagratlott lato MS-OOS whan uaad with Inlal alcroprocaaaora , and
05-9 whaa uaad with tha 68000 taaUtr.
Tha board la avallibla today ot tha low unit prlco of S995.
For aura lafaraattoa contact
Jo* Murphy
CESPaC Inc .
100 V. NooTir, A.
Main, 12. 85202
(601) 962-5359
Dtar Don,
In ay previoua latter I aort of laft our reedera
banging with two minor problems to consider, ao hefore
I carry oo with I&A8IC, aeybe I abould dispose of tb«a
first.
1. Wa wars sskad to coovart tba following i
SO D-D+KI: IF IIOJI THE* D-D-M
into a siogle-etetoaent line by using logic-f uactiooa
instead of IF-THEI, lasantielly, wbat wa hevs to do
is to multiply tba new value of 't>' (as it exists at
tba point 'IF') by 1 if IX -JX aod by IZ if HOJZ.
Tbis is eccoapliabed by tbe following line :
50
D-(D*«) * (1-(BX-1)*(1I<>JI)}
Here we s«e our origioel first statement enclosed la
pereos, aod note tbet it is to be Multiplied by '1'.
Tbie '1* is to be further ■edified 'IF IIOJI)', wbicb
is bow we reed the pert ''(IIOJI)'. lerlier
discussioos will beve teugbt bow tbig will eveluete to
'0' if 'IXOJX)' is FALSI <le IX la eajaal ta JX), aod
to '-1' if it's TS.UI, So. (BI-l) will be aultiplled
by '0' in tbe first instance, and by *-l* in the
second, giving e net reault of aitber (IX-1)«U, that
is '0', or (BX-l)*-l, tbet is '-IX+1*. To coaplete
tbe aatb then, our (D»H) will be aultiplled either by
(1-0) or by l-(-BX-fl), wbicb eveluetes to 1 in tbe
first cess end to '1+1X-1 , or *1I* in tbe second, Aod
bey preatol we've errived. Hope tbis besn't
frightened you off, but it doss enable ue now to tack
Line 50 on to the end of Line 40, end even Line 60
onto the end of tbet lot, if we ao deaire. all of
wbicb will save e little aeswry for us.
2. He bad to figure out bow to distinguish so
erroneous '12' produced froa VaU.(l2U4S) from e genuine
'12' entered in response to e request for numeric
input, Tbe solution is 4al lalteajy not as sweioae es
tbst of our first sseaple. lere it is 1
12 IF STRv(I) <> It COtO 10
Wbst we ers doing here is te use our insteat-caaera
'STRS' to take s picture of 'I' (whlcb aey be a
genuine '12' or e feke '12' produced froa '12UO').
We then coapere tbis picture with our original entry
of I), end if tbey don't aetcb we know something bes
gone wrong, eo we return for e new entry.
OX, enough of chat I What shell we telk ebout next?
Now about the different ways we can request input from
the keyboard? Do you just use 'INPUT' ss e Better of
course, or do you sometimes cooaider the edventegee
(or disadvantages) of 'INPUT #0', or 'INPUT LINE' or
even 'IMCHS(O)'? Let'a look at eech in e little more
detail ....
IbVTJT Fairly at raigtit f omlrd.
es in 'INPUT II' or 'INPUT II. J
con print eo input request messeg
en 'INPUT "Pleese enter your name
•It cases it will diapley e '?
the '?'). end peuee for e reapona
with commas to separate multip
case of multiple requests, if t
responses is not made, further '?
until INPUT ia satiafiad. On
responses will be ignored! I
CI as e valid raapaan. The f
indicete 'End of repooaea'.
It can be teken oeet,
9' for exeaple, or it
e of some kind. Such
end sge",N5,AI'. Io
(note the SPACE after
e t ermine ted by e CB .
le responses. In the
he required number of
s will be displeyed
the other hand, extra
will mat accept a
unction of Ct ia to
'68' Micro Journal
September 86
45
somkiiiim; i ok ai.i. or i s / iuom ai.i. oi i s
Not*, coo, that a "I' on the and of "Flat** enter your
mi" ia oot appropriate, at we are not asking a
queatioo here, but issuing an instruction, whereee it
area 14 be Of on the end of "What ia your aaae". So we
cone to
IIPIT #0 which ia alaoat the aaaa ss INPUT, except
that it doee not put up e trailing *?'. Ita font ia
SO INPUT #0, "Pleaae enter your naate ... ",NS
There are soae difference!, however, in that when you
enter your Dane, followed by CE , the curaor doea not
■ove down to the following line, but amply return* to
the left-hand aergin. Should thia input request then
be followed by enother, auch a* 'INPUT #0, "Your age
... "(AX*, (after a reaponea of, aay, SOS to th*
first) the firat aeesege would b* overlaid and you'd
aee (on the aelf-aaae line) the requeat :
'Your age ... your name ... SOB' with the curaor
flaahiog over the 'y' of the eecond 'your'.
To correct thia (uoleat you're using direct cursor-
control to poaition your aecssges on the ecrecn) you
ebould follow your 'INPUT #0* requeet with a 'PUNT'.
thua 'INPUT #0, "Pleaae enter your naae ... H ,N5:
PRINT', which will cauaa the next aeaaage to be
diapleyed on the eucceeding line.
lim Lilt The XBASIC aanual telle ua that tbia for*
ia uaad to INPUT an entire line, including eabedded
SPACEt, etc. No acaaagea can be diaplayed (at with
INPUT and INPUT *0) , and only one var iabl a-oaaa aay be
Listed, to :
SO INPUT LINE A$ or SO INPUT LINE BU(5)
It diepley* a *7
teeting of tbia for
apparent difference
reatrictiooa aentio
1 ine of text aa a
difference though,
aanual, and that ia -
aa a valid reeponae
They'll just keep cob
eatiafied. Thia co
wiah to aet up a def
in ;
juet aa doea INPUT, and noraal
a would indicate thet there ia no
between the two (epart froa the
o«d), ee INPUT will eleo accept e
reepooaa. There ia aaa other
which ie aot aentiooad in the
INPUT LINE will accept a acre CB
, whereee the other two will not.
ing beck with further '? 'a until
uld be uaeful in ceaee where you
ault reeponee (defeulte to CR) aa
SO PRINT "Ia your Printer e DOT-MATRIX* or THejLKAL";:
INPUT LINE SS
where the '*' indicetea the defeult reaponee. Obeerve
that because INPUT LINE doea not allow a aestege to b*
aabedded, we cauae it to be dieplayed by aeaoa of the
PRINT etateaent, and then follow on with the INPUT
LINE. Note the ';' inaediately following the requeat
aeaaage. Thia to nullify the CR which would noraally
occur on completion of the PRINT etateaent, ao now the
curaor is held et the end of the aeeaage, waiting for
a reaponee.
IIClf(Q) Thia ia another fora whicb doea not allow
eabedded acaaagea. Unlik* INPUT LINE, a eiogle
character reeponae aithaat a fallavias CI ie
sufficient to Beet ita oe*d*. Of courts, the tingle
reeponae aay itaelf be a acre CR1 A very ueeful Beans
of getting reaponaee of the 'Y/N' type, or single-
letter coaaanda in a gaae, for inlteoce. It ia
entered in the followiog pattern :
SO PRINT "Do you like this? (Y or N> ";: RSHtJrClUCO)
40 IF R'-"Y" COTO xxxjj ELSE GOTO yyyy
INCUS(O) doea not put out any *t'a, aod juat like
INPUT #0 it doea not aove to e different lioe efter
eccepting input. So bere sgsin, unices you ere ueing
direct cur eor- poe i t ion ing , you would follow the
INCHS(O) witb e ': PRINT'. In cloaing, you should
again note the *;' following the requeet-aeeeage. Its
function ia exactly the sea* ee tbat deecribed for
INPUT LINE.
Next tiae maybe I'll talk a little about LSET and RSET
amongst other things. I heve aaear seen these used in
norael XBASIC program*, other then in connection witb
FIELD etateaente where input ie froa e Data-Fila on
diak.
Don Williaaa,
SB Micro Journal ,
SS00 Caaaandra Saith Road,
Hixaon, TN 37343
Sincerely,
u
R. Jooea
Preeident
PS How ebout
reguler cont
Taylor or Ro
atart the be
few yeere ago
Unf ortunet el
after severe
oxygen, es e
grow in to
glataes, and
become trensp
starting a Xogue'a Gallery of your more
ributort? I've often wondered what Leo
n Andereon look like, for exemple. I'll
11 rolling with a photo of ayaelf teken a
in the deya when I wore contact lenaea.
y, the plaatic had begun to cryatalliae
1 yeere, end ay corneaa were eterved for
result of which blood-vessels began to
ive then the neceeeery supply. Now I wcer
the extra blood vessels have dried and
arent .
PPS My re-write of ell ay XBASIC letters ia coming
along fine to date. The text haa been expanded
slightly, snd I've gone into e little more explanation
in some instences. In eddition, I've covered other
aepecte of XBASIC, where it seemed eppropriate, which
have not been mentioned et all in my correepondence.
When I get ay firat dick full, I'll aend you 2
veraiona - - one in STYLO f oraat , with eapheeieed
print, etc., end the other in plain text fora for
thoee readera who don't have a word-proceaaor .
Editor's Note: O.K. Bob, you are so right. I think a lot
of the readers would like to know what you regular (and some
not so regular) contributors look like.
We are preparing to run pictures, mostly scanned pictures
from a Macintosh. So gel those photos in folks!
46
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
somktiiim; roit all oi is / ikom ai.i. oi is
On the rewrite mentioned above; well, a lot of readers have
remarked in letters and calls, that your BASIC offerings are
appreciated. So keep 'em coming. The rewrite will allow a lot
of those who missed some of the articles previously, a chance
to catch up. Thanks Bob.
Also you readers who would like to have the rewrite, please
drop a line and let me know, so I can figure how many to get
printed up. The cost will be nominal, but no firm figure yet.
We will have to wait and see just how big the entire package
will be.
DMW
I Ul-rrr .r, ,.!«■]
la I anQon>lncn II
CbJJi biraunfa I i/Caraany
f u I ii* >.<1*i ur
i>l '«*"*!. Lit h».ln.il
Z/9 Cci-i-LJti-r I'uLllbnamj L«i.llrr
iTJQO Uhi.xniia imnh iU
CO Hu< BO
ftmmt IdilWl
Slum • inuliv or ra.ii* I ' ■ * raadf r o I four »«9*Jini allien ia
a I ra«i txlxi I o inn ■ »•,..!< a i "* tA*,.i**yrt a y««uftit| nl 6B»t vnri
ihrougltoui In* aurld LwluCti it ■ UcdSWaubt* aorlfl touiay) Imnkt
far *uppoi nnv tl>u "uimr lol u" and . p|aaaa. cent mui aupporting
ut m ini jui.uioI
Nf d<i< u iliu > tvnia •un L»a|pijiar» tdi i»J ^i tint *ja uilh tin
al »h« "o.^yi««" ul thou dt|i ana in« ur, dm "pirionil " cua-
Oulir t*tti ptiiducaj, ina t«« ll'nl All.ar thai I caaa in toucn <>ttn
POP B Pl>v I I . m* /1U0. 1 1 *Jb0 t.nJ tna a otnar Itf-bit (rocaaa control
eoaputara. lor wnicn I nad 10 d*» arbitration pmgr isaing ■■ will •■
tf ki.ua piugrti'in^ un I u un nq <oaui lac audi I it tuoni ate.
Nf I l rat a l ail tuwarda rail 'pa I annul* ur 'privin' caapulinQ « lis tad
■ itri iria IK IbUJ la It* til aOutvalani ul ma PD* HI a no I liar ait*
ina Tl 99nO/94Hl. inn 16-Oit cflw )■ mil ay fa.urni aicropyocai-
aor Eoua to lit dinir confapL tnu su«irr*>ll iriirMclion tatl. out
unf ortunatal r it uaa no coaaorc itl luccaaa and ao intra it no f urtMir
tuftport by It 4n>P«i i*l J y idir concallailon ol inair tl 99/4 PCI.
50 I Itnolly dactdaii tu (©in I, ha BB09 coaaunitr. bacawai Xtitm chip
ia &) lir tha anal puaarfull 8 bit cvu a»an coaiparad to ini nm
kMilb DKU; luyainut aiirt • tuTVlua H" *• )1>U tha Jwt*H tiiad fiUllS
arataa i * no* >v *■ in c caput at at noaa. t*t>ouiih al aort I ' a nuu uainy,
on HI mil
la
■nau piudueifc" t>ml r Out to thi raniinuwily otcrniitg prtcai ol
(Ai Chipi ailt aat-t: iibmlLliir uliiliiuti nardaira 'Odaulata* onl)
DtciuH ui iu*«r i i cat it tup^an o I l*u *<nuU(i«;i*ri t y^itt tmi
tnta mi I rlu>« • |ul ul prablm **<!•• trt un of hipaaffla coapail-
oilttjr. diciwi* il |ir«t«nli ini ua»a 1 ui>ntaan( ur epliil/afl ib(l»</i
M a conpu<ju-nca than t« a ■ I jung mhmcaaant of daaandt lor (iota/
■ nd | a* tat klJtt'a J«>d li«Vfl B ■ Br,v * Dtqijar •niBnli ate But al l ft a ml
tiaa tna "u n.prodwci > -a" aoitaaia griiMid ■jruaa ul laO. a attuatton
■htcn ia wall tnoun to vnri ol ifti big ■•mlntiit
noaauar ioa* vhomvgh mwaat 19 at miM anoa. thai thi nia cnipt atltn
trial 1 ntindid> addi itt 119 laPiOiliUn oic ara not nacaiaaril' tna
aattai cholc* lor a "Hiar %vn* \ coipwin'i Cuauariaon of tna CBU8 and
tna bflOUti m.t tnoit thai tna feBO? parlorai Catiar in a M-oit on»i-
rdnoaant L*.on IM hbuil*. tl tna aaMvaf a ia flaa l gnao and apt tat < ad
(ur inat imp. to 1*11 tlii ■ 1 in iha "a I a" cnip, tnough tna oanaral
irarnl l|uw» t« l*t.m h»-xj»
*■ a inn»i"»u>»i » itl |Mln .U'
" UO ■ U 1 * ' ti * ItHtll art I Ut 1 »*Hr
t* alraiu * 1 I*., tit hvt. ..
ill 4<m«i«1 iiui tii*ll t* irnl it
avia. *"T btfl VH iioaa luitl
for «f «riunt tiioayl
I iii'ud. m* »uf/paft or lha
* *td |fc*i tn tria naal (utuil,
< »uif 1>rttr MwhMui I (jj Nuiuraii waa
t,t 111 . -».t «I hnjft u|i>aniit r tutlu-
•■■ nitamali *nd than tr»a mibA
Ona ol tut oain goala «l an, good prograaaing 1 1> aaparation of
iha proyraa iiiiu aouuJa*. »ltitf> can La prograaaad and cMctad iapi-
ratal r lh<a ia lua^luiul t t ndu|tand«d f roa tna nit* 1 1 t dtacuaaod
Qjbaation ol *»t rwt 1 ur afl " pruVraaainfl and !*■■ Iin^nfii, avttad bait
for that purtiuaa Inaaa "aooulaa* ahainar codtd in o PoitllOn indi-
panuadfora ur nul, -liuili. r cudad in aaaaabilr linguaaa or in « id
collad hign lu«« I language - auat oi 1 1 mil Log otnar prior to oaocu-
tttin imo in iiiluIiUIi prutitaa t>r a »o callad lint odltor
ina inpi
fur ii«cft
I 1
a I ivyt propria
aat ol ao cillad 'filoCi-
loraal di I mod a a lor n I kno«, trior a ara noaovor oiffartnt foraota
■ aioblianai*! 1>t tha J 1 1 'urt»f.l ■•ndtu a ol aataato I ara/coap I lara product ng
raloc ttiliafH codat) 1 And lhal'a tna floini of intoroat to ao:
Thi ao cillad Si 59 I a rait •iiitUtino br Holorolo t ■ tno chip
aanuf actwra r) dalinaa ia I ar at I tnow <aar ba arongM) onlr 1 racord
tjroaa SC - naidar racurd, SI * aoaolwto data racordi S9 ■ and racord I
1 tuppoao . in at tt»» aihir racord t*paa (S? . . *SB| itrt incandad for
lu« lut unl orlvnata I f i could nvt yal tnc in-loraation about, inat
So I -fluid Mia IA iwyynal an irticol abuui. irtat LOfltC in fflw" oaga~
ijni (l.a 'lalocatabla Ob|a«*>- c*#» flitntittnni (ot ItOI iD'lvirt''
[n taaa thorti ia no ouch 'janaral If act apt ad atandard i or aat ( aovld
La hi to luggaat tna craatian al auCh ■ atandard Or It It a I raadf
too lota for auicn a pro j at t lor thi "ooaolati 6D09 S 7 for aaiaoblaro
and coabilora aital ba daiignad or aodiliad la contitr* to owch a
atandard And aa*b* tha aoftaora aandora ■■? ba liiad to tho ooro
•adorn diipi lua tno 6BU)0/?0 nhich iitii imn irai a purity
coaaarcial at.ancipoinl
Plan* lal at anoa luui ihmuny abuul thai - ur limit aand ao a
copy ol a bravioualr publnnao acilCal Irua tour ■•Onini in vaaa
fay nova co varan tha a ant 1 on ad prodlaa prior to •» lubacrtption of
Iha aagoMnal
One a ilitn , tnank lou i try ikich for tna aaluas la in I or aat ion TOu
Ititi pub I 1 an ad in '6B'R|<ro Journal in tna pui ■■ I aaaa com inua *
lor tno old- 1 lanmnau mari of ina 6*0M loo, plaaaal Una. of courta.
■icuti *r Cngitah lind aaoodtod aialataal
rouri ttHjolF"
Editor's Note; Thanks for the letter above. We need
your, and others input. I want to know what you want, in the
way of future articles. Also I want some of you to let me know
what you are willing and would like to write about. By getting
both sides together, we all profit. And actually that is all /
have been doing these past 9 years or so. Getting alt of you
together, authors and readers,
I was told, at NCC this year, by the Editor in Chief, of one
of the larger computer magazines, that it was a 'miracle' we still
existed! When I explained to him what it was (all of us) that
made 68 MICRO JOURNAL and the way we go about it, he just
shook his head and replied something to the effect that he did
not realize that 'hackers like us' stilt existed.
Thinking about it later that night / realized that there is a
big difference between the way each of us conducts his
business, in his case it is mainly directed towards the
advertisers (they actually foot the bill) His entire editorial and
article (including reviews) policies, are so fabricated that few
advertisers have cause to complain about their content. In our
case we have stepped on some toes, losing some advertising as
a result. But always after some of you were dealt with in a
lesser manner that what we all expected, or were promised by
their ads.
/ bring this up only to shed some insight as to why we
still support the 8 bitters. Because many of you still use them.
And as long as most of you use them, we wilt be right in there
as before. However, I do need some fresh input, in the way of
articles. We need some along the lines of the letter above. We
have a backlog of articles on hand that could carry us Oirough a
year or so, but do not address some of the subjects requested.
And speaking of the 8 bitters, it seems that we need to share
also with the newer 16 and 32 bitters. However, it all needs to
be kept in perspective. Most times you let me know if I allow
that to slip too far.
So, please let me know what YOU can contribute to OUR
magazine, it certainly will help Larry and i plan for the coming
months.
if i had attempted to run 68 MICRO JOURNAL, as my
'Editor in Chief friend' does his magazine, we would have been
gone years ago 1 . By ourselves, without you, 68 MICRO
JOURNAL would not exist. You are 68 MICRO JOURNAL!
How 'bout it?
DMW
68' Micro Journal
September '86
47
CONTINUED FROM LAST MONTH
The Editor.
Computer Publishing Center.
68 Hicro Journal.
5900 Cassandra Snlth.
P.O. Box 809.
Hixson. Ttl 37313,
U.S.A.
Chealstry Department
University of Transkei
Private Bag X5092
UMTATA
Republic of Transkei
Southern Africa
1
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11
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58
1 OMtR.Cffi • File protection.
• by IPl r"ucen;i, Icl April 1185.
• Chetitlry Dept. . University of Trunin.
1 lor rRIVAIE/PERSWAl 1U asly.
1
■ Kill MtllE, OELEIE or CAIAtOBUE p.-otect
1 the entire disk or selected lilts.
• Kill alio de-protect enlire disk or selected liltt.
> Emtio? protection stilus: 0Pri3Hal.LV retimed.
*
» Cm IKE ■>■ n MILD CWIO chjricter
1 (or tilt mm: e.9. Et??''I.0?R w VM.r»
1
t DPI IONS N.O.C.t (or
1 Rrite, Oetetr. Citil09ur. Iteirne ill protection..
1
• STNFAI HAIIR,<driY»).Fi!espec5.tcodes (H.D.CII
1
« (or «HX£ DISK. USE: B»riR,<drM»). '.•codes
t or (filter! MllR,<dri»»>,icodes
•
1 PtWl: T/1/a.'R/a • res/oo/iutoeitic/retiio/juit
1
• II EllSTIK protection 11 to ee RETAMED lor J
• fit* reeirdlest of ne« options Incept I allien
• Ortrridrt ill options inr«irl,
t thm use R' insteid ol 1' it the proipt.
I
• In into eMe use ESC ley to ml to Flu,
CB4I SYSFCB
EMI
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5»SFC8<3
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ICCIC
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EDU
ICC II
CCI4 WfPNf
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ICCI4
COli NARKS
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CD15 SEtCKA
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ICDI5
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EM)
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(CDIE
C82I PCRlf
EMI
IC024
C027 N11CHS
EM)
ICD27
CD3F APIERR
EMI
ICD3F
cm; kiwi
EW
icd«;
CD4E SIM
EMI
IC04E
txi '.Km
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Kitswt echo
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1 Niicellineous eeuates.
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tilt to Flei Iron auto-
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44
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48
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71
72
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75
76
77
78
79
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81
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87
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12
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14
15
16
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188
181
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184
185
116
187
118
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112
113
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115
114
117
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.
response lor .utoajhc,
retisa old protiction.
?mt response.
lorce vpper rate.
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8888
1881
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8185
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hi;
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ill done dig.
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PFIA6
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!
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FOPEN
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1
llio thit D1R is open.
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8
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1
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currtnt Cit-prot. stilus.
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1
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:
do ill (tin.
MIA OFFSET
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CIN 2* 19
CI82 83 2E 85
CI85 3A 2t 28 61
CI88 24 31 38 38
CUD 35 2C 28 4C
Clll H 21 58 69
CIIS 61 63 4! 6E
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Clll 32
CUE 31
C128 C6
CI 22 IF
CI23 IF
CI2S
CI 25 A7
CI27 3A
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■ Setup U pointer ind cleir that •eeory.
SIARI
E8 E6
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include iero oflest'
store puffer pointer.
■ (El DIIVF. MAKR |F SPECIFIED In UK COWARD LINE.
• II illegil or no dn.e specified, tliei deliult t»
I •wlini) dri«e.
18SR TTYtSl Check list terunitor.
tBEt HELP no piraitttrs 1
CHPA I >
48
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
in
C15i it
13
BNE
6ETDRV
192
193
CIM
NMHH
l?(
cih ts
C8 IA
CIM
WALL, II
do til tilts.
194
CI8I 32
12
LEAS
2,5
121
cut
6ETMV
195
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CCI4
LII
HFFur
Mif buffer pointtr
14*4*
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CSI2
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194
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17
STI
BUFP2.U
for Btlt KM.
123
CI3E 25
19
KS
KIM
eot i miieir/letter'
197
CI 17 21
ID
BP.A
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I5II
198
199
125
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CI 19
EOF
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II
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2BI
CI 19 41
CS l»
1ST
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if Mf riiM doioq ill
127
CltS CI
14
CHFB
14
»ilid drive?
211
K1BC 1121 FFM
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IOFIEI
liltfi thru liolikod!
128
129
CII7 25
cm
*8
GEIW
KS
MVMM
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212
CIC* K
47
LDI
MFP2.II
on nd of lilt
213
CIC2 AF
45
STI
8UFP1 ,U
rritt pointfrt ,
131
CH9 AE
4S
LSI
HJFPI.U
ritil bullir pointer.
214
CIC4 IF
cat
SI!
EStfPNT
111
CHI IF
CCII
Stl
BOTH)
215
CIC7 IF
4A
cm
FOPEH.U
r»-aptn DIR,
132
CHE Ft
eric
OfllD
LOB
IWIVE
»sr iprkini drive.
2tt
CIC9 ID
CS24
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prut i blioi line,
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CI5I B
C84I
WVIMI
LDI
IS9STCB
217
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9f
MA
SCM
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114
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13
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3.1
drive nuibtr ut ia FCt.
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1 35
219
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EO.S
in
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LBS"
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live current buf-poi/>ter.
211
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12
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2.S
Wffl.U
137
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9«t prelection codes
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49
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112
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K«
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then All darti*
lit
HI
CISC 24
U
WE
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tcdei ARE m cMiwd line.
213
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42
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tell cirrral Witt done.
in
Oil 81
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III
215
cut
PROCES
142
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111
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IA
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if 1IH open,
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217
218
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CIM 84
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14
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LM
F1LHM
It
then slip thu ptrt.
open lift.
its
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CS IA
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do ill If. Jm?
219
CIK II
II9E
USD
FHSXAL
it*
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148
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yet, skip cooptrini).
221
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LIKE
EJntsts
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SCAN
221
222
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CJE5
M
IK
HLKM
rofEH.u
tell DIR open.
149
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42
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FDME.U
jJJ entries done?
223
C1ES It
• 7
LM
17
lit 1 li rector r retry.
151
atf 2t
EF
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yes, tilt.
221
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list
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151
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clrar (iliHM.nl bytes.
225
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152
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224
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18
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LEAY
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227
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F3
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154
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CI79
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22 B
CIF2 27
CS
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EOF
aflgud. iwil bl end ol dlr.
1st
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229
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231
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IA
Ml
route
151
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159
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count vll id crunctrrs.
252
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th ifKi.
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cm CI
19
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19
233
111
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29
ICC
HWlfcHn
too tiny!
231
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142
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ttore tlltl.
255
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257
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its
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238
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•itch I) bytes.
161
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CI 13
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do extrusion speci.
219
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IB
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CLHI
•ii=3 chvf.
241
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I.I
111
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241
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LM
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149
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212
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171
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243
C2I9 81
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MILD
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171
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II
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14
244
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BED
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172
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sec
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too unt\
245
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ill
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241
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247
241
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•0 iilcb, git inothir entry.
ITS
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CHAR 111
249
■ 1 Mich found.
W
C1'7 80
18
IM
FETCH
251
m
CI99 27
33
BED
EDLS
coi*ifid lint done*
551
C2I3
Foung
iw
CHS 81
28
can
■SPACE
252
C2I5 8S
71
IM
HUM
check lor ESC key.
111
CHS 21
11
Kg
NUI9M
separator f Gur<4
2S3
a 15 38
M II4S
IEAI
CMMl, ft« toll currnt »rntKti«*
111
CI9f 81
2C
CflfA
KIMM
254
C2I9 It
COIE
JM
PSIRNG
codes for 16] 1 file.
112
C1AJ 27
19
K«
*unDM
235
HIC 17
HIS
LISI
IELPRI
li;
CiflJ 39
HIS
254
C2IF 31
ID HIE
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III
257
C273 81
7J
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ICS
CIM
FETCH
231
C225 «
Cill
LSI
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■rite fileaiM,
lit
CIM 11
CD27
IM
HIICW
259
C22B Ct
M
LDI
11
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n«? be
CCI4
IDI
eufpm
tres tibs 00 Poll tin.
74*
C22A M
73
IM
mii
it*
CIM It
tm
IMA
limit
indirect return.
241
C22C 81
2E
LM
ipomr
119
242
C22C IS
CD1I
JSH
fUlCIB
191
CIM
WUIERR
243
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LSI
13
uit eileisioo.
191
CIAD It
llll
LMA
STKIAI
report irotn' error.
241
C233 8D
4A
IM
nui
.
68' Micro Journal
September '88
49
265 till 86
59
tM
WES
266 an 60
41
1ST
AUTO, I auto wdt aclivi7
332 C29F
sour
267 mi 26
29
IK
WTOB y».
333 CTW 46 88
LM ,1"
248 C23S 31
88 81SI
LEAI
98ar,PC8 proopt.
334 C7AI 88 COIB
IS* PUTCW
24' C23f en
37
BSX
OUIM
335 C2A4 5A
8ECB
2/1 C24I ID
cdi;
JSR
SEICNBJ
336 C7AJ 26 FB
m BOUT
271 C244 e<
5F
AMA
•UPPER
337 C7A7 39
BIS
272 C246 81
31
CftPfl
♦STOP gvit?
336
273 C748 1127 FF1I
1KB
TOFLEI
339
• till lor md-of-li]».
274 C24C II
41
WA
■BUT automatic BMctlorUl?
348
273 C74E 26
84
M
MRUAL
341 C2A8
EttOKB
276 C25» A7
41
SI*
MJTO.tl |WI, latoaatic.
347 C2A8 BE DM4
LSI ISVSFCI
277 C252 21
11
Mi
Mirn
343 C2A8 A6 81
LM I.I
278
344 C2AD Bl 88
CRPA IEDFJL
279 C254
MNUAl
343 C2AF 26 8A
8K MORS
Ml [»( 6F
C8 19
an
CI J ST, U wiqur rttponte «jilcn auto.
344 C2BI 16 FFB5
LBRA EOF
231 (757 8)
32
cpm
IKEEP ntain niiting codit?
347
282 C239 26
IS
M
F»2
348 C284
STMTAI
283 C25I
KltlD
319 C284 86 IA
L8A 126
284 C25I A7
a 19
STB
EIISt.ll itt llig for rflm.
338 C786 BE (til
331 C789 AJ 81
LOI IStSFCI
STA 1,1
28; C23C 21
286
287 C2S*
14
IRA
Miion
3S2 C28B 80 CD3f
ERRORS JSR )RPTER* riport ill Fatal irrort,
fR02
3S3 C2K 7E C0I3
3S4
JRP >«ARR5 1 ntyrn to FLEI.
288 C26I 81
289 C262 26
39
81
C#A
ME
IVES »n?
FIMAK
3SS
3S6
• elaar II nitt>titxiion »yt« In II oFfift.
298 C2M
AUTOR
357 C2C1
CLEM
381 C264 BE
CI 41
101
ISISftl
358 C2C1 31 41
LEAI MAN.U
292 C267 Hi
C4
IDA
PRO! ,11 changt protrction bitt
339 C2C3 C6 88
LCI III
29J C269 27
17
BED
Wn.H1 I ovirrijii ivrrytdido'
361 C2C3 4F
LIRA
241 C26I 6D
ce 19
IS!
EI 1ST .U
36) C2C4
C100P
295 C26E 27
87
BEB
NOWAY don't rifp Hilling bill.
362 C7C6 A7 88
STA ,:«
m an m
If
CM
I5<t add to Killing bill.
363 OX* 5*
KCI
297 C27?
ROYlAt
364 OCT 76 F8
« QQOP
298 C272 A7
8f
STA
IS. I tor (hit dir. miry.
343 C7CI 39
RIS
299 C274 86
88
IM
IB 1 rtarltf (ho entry,
366
318 C276 80
83
Kfl
FdSCTU. io that AIR. it
367
• thick lor md ol lint in input buffir.
381 Cin 24
41
WE
IRRORS updatid.
368
• riturni aith 2ER0 condition (IE0I ll nd of lifti,
382 C27A 16
383
FF68
IBM
FILdM
369
■ iltt BtE, not igutl.
378
■ TITEOt it Flfl tnt o( hat, usually ':'
314 C27D
FflSCJtt
371
313 C?7t SE
CB48
101
isisrpi
377 C7CC
Tinsi
386 C288 «7
84
S1A
,»
373 C2CC Is Kll
L0A LSTTM intry point.
riYlIK
317 C282 7£
D4I6
JW>
FKS mdlrftl return.
374 C2C7
311
389 C285
SUIT
375 C2Cf 81 18
376 C2DI 27 83
CRPA SCR alttmatf wtry point.
FEB TIMET
318 C285 10
U4E
JSR
STAT
377 C283 II CCB2
CM>A THEM.
311 C288 27
M
KB
MIRET
378 C7M 39
II»KT ms
312 C2BB U
9F D3E5
JSR
(White] infMit >it« no Kho.
379
313 C2K 81
II
«P»
■ESC
388
• Find prottctim tpicliicatioit in coujad ] jar.
314 C79I 1827 FEW
LIES
10ft EI
381
315
382 C2D7
PROTECT
311 C294
317 CT9I 39
eUERET
BIS
313 C787 AE 47
384 C2S9 BF CCI4
LBI 8WP2.U rttit buMir pointir.
sri BUFPm
318
m ax
PIUS
319
■ Mtpii
I i itrino tmioattd «Hb 484.
J84 C7K 88 CD27
;s» MIlBhS
321
• inlir
aith
I pointing to firing.
387 C20F 80 EE
BSR TITLI*
321
383 [2EI 27 3E
BEB BEttRK
322 C293 ID
CO) 8
C4J1P
JSJ>
JPUtCHR
389' C2E3 Bl 28
C7t°A It
323 C298 84
88
0U1P4
U)A
.«♦
391 C7E3 26 f5
BK PIUS
324 C29A 8!
84
CAVA
• 4
391 C2E7 IE CC14
LBI BlfPUr
325 C29C 26
316 ITK 39
P7
UK
BIS
oo re
377 C2EA «F 43
393 C2EC
SI! nirsa.U aMrm ol 1st prol. char.
EEISKC
377
394 C2EC 88 C027
JSR MTCMR
321
• output i sir
tag ol ACCB brtn.
393 C2(F B8 DE
bsb nniN
329
» tndr
«i lb nCCB=byti count 6
396 C2FI 27 78
IEB BED
318
■ .ith
II POIB
ting to tiring.
397 C2F3 El C4
LOI PR0T.U
331
398 C2F3 B4 5F
MOA SUfVEA
50
SapAsmber '60
'68' Micro Journal
m
CJF7 81
44
CUPA
ID
dtlttt proltcl'
m
C2F9 27
II
MO
St to
(ii
C2F8 8I
43
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58
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di-prcttd'
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14
BED
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485
C!(! 61
57
CNPA
II
aritt protict?
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CJ85 24
£5
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BET SPEC
417
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C3I7
sen
41?
C3I7 CD
99
OKI
net
411
zm 21
14
BM
SE1P
411
4ir
C3II
SETO
413
C3U CA
41
081
1141
414
C3ID 21
12
IDA
SEIP
415
416
C3W
5E1C
417
CJBf U
II
Wl
■ III
418
on
S£rp
41?
C3U E7
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September '86
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52
Sflfrtamter '86
'68' Micro Journal
(Classifieds
As submitted • No Guarantees
D
Winches ler 10 Megabyte Drives
Two (2) 10 Megabyte Hard-Disk Winchester Drives. Working -
were removed for upgrade to larger drives.
1 - Seagate Model #412 $275.00
3 • Dual 8" drive enclosure with power supply. New in box.
$175.00 each.
5 - Siemens 8" Disk Drives. $150.00 each.
Tano Outpost n, 56K. 2 5" DSDD Drives. FLEX. MUMPS
$595.
MICROKEY Single Board Computer, Target 128K RAM.
FLEX. FORTH, with optional 6502 CPU & ROMS as advertised
on p. 51 DEC. 84 68' Micro Journal. $1800.
TELETYPE Model 43 PRINTER - with serial (RS232)
interface and full ASCII keyboard. $359.00 ready to run.
SWTPC S/09 with Motorola 128K RAM. I-MPS2. 1 -Parallel
Port. MP-09 CU Card $1290.
1-CDSI 20 Meg Hard Disk System with controller $1000.
(615) 842-4600 M-F 9 AM to 5 PM EST
eea
FOR SALE- SWTPC S* wfl56K; Al streaming tape; DMF3; F-
8" floppy disk drive; CDS-3 80mb drive w/ctmtro Her, 3
Microtem terminals; DEC LA10QZA printer; quad serial board;
SWTPC furniture; Epson MX-80 printer. Software. Call 219-
261-2825.
eee
WANTED: Clock IC module for Motorola MEK6800D2:
614.4KHZ. IC pan «MC6871B. Or will buy entire
MEK6800D2 for pars. Frank Donnelly, 5 Peter Road, North
Reading. Massachusetts 01864. Phone (617)664-4738 after
4PM EDT.
PT-68K-1 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER
NEWI
NEW!
Peripheral Technology IS announcing another innovative project The
PT-MK-1 utilizes the powerlul 68008 processor (or maximum perform-
ance at a price that is hard to beat II features
• 10 MHZ Clock
• Time of Day Clock
• 2 RS-232 Serial Ports
• 7MK RAM
• Winchester Interlace Capability
• Floppy Disk Controller
• No wart Stale RAM
• 2 8-Bil Parallel Pons
• 64K EPftOM
• Board Size-. 5?r > I"
OS9/B0OOO or SK Dos
Operating Systems Available
Price S49&9S
PERIPHERAL TECHNOLOGY
1480 Terrell Mill fid Suite 870
Marietta. Georgia 30067 USA
404/984-0742 Telex # 880584
os» it t trademark or Microwart
I IQYD^
*"■— ■— —r inc
Lloyd I/O is o compote engineering oorpoutkn prvvidk^
sdTwcfb and haxtwere products end czm/tr>g services
19535 NE OUSAM POsTTUN D, Off 97230 (U1AJ
PHONE: (503) 646-1097 • TILCX: 910 390 5448 1XOVD I O
Computer Engin—n
K BASIC" is here
K-BASIC It a TSC XHASJC (XPC) compatible COMPHBe
for OS9 & FLEX.. .price $199
Hete at lost Is a compiler for BASIC that wttl compile all your
XBASIC programs. K- BASIC compiles TSCs XBASIC ond XPC pro-
grams to machine code. K-BASC Is reody now to save you
money and time by teaching your computer fa
• Think Foster • Conserve Memory • Be Friendlier
Call (503) 666-1097 tot our CATALOG.
We hew marry programt tot eeOovt softwore dtiel up e n l
DO™
Micro BASIC for OS9...$149
A structured mlrco BASIC lor general system control featuring;
Parameter passing, 10 string variables. 26 numeric variables,
subroutines, nested loops. Interactive I/O. sequential tees, and
time variables [for appllcottona executing in the bor*grou/T> re-
quired to execute procedures sucfi as cfek or fie Dockups.) In-
cludes the SEARCH and RESCUE UTatTIES'*. For OS9 ONLY.)
SEARCH and RESCUE UTILITIES ™
for OS9...S36
A staper difectory search utility. Output moy be piped to the kv
cUtod utilities to perform na COPffS. DELETES. MOVES LISTING
(pogincrtton). and FILTERING. Some ftJrermg utWty programs ore
Included; of Interest b the FIE DATE CHECKING utiHHes: VOUNGER
ond DRAFT (Level 2). (Fot OS9 level 1 ond 2)
PATCH™
Modem Communications for OS9...S39
PATCH Is a modem communtodttons program lor OS9 featuring:
KEV MACROS ASCI) TEXT AND BINARY RLE UPrtXDvVN LOADING.
PRINTER COPY, and HELP MENUS. We use It several times eoch
day vrtth our TELEX service. PATCH is corrxerwent and easy to use.
Key macros moy be pie-stored ond looded at any time.
CRASMB
CROSS ASSEMBLER PACKAGE
for OS9 & FLEX ..alt for $399
Motorola CPUs. $150
Intel CPtfs... $150. Others... $150
CRASMB is the highly occkjlmed en
OS9 and FLEX system!
velopment sJeittgasfaaVeal ;•% *
Long symbol names.
In 4 tormats (OS°.
CRASMB featur
Symbol cross reference tat*.
FLEX S-1S9. NTEL HEX)
visa mo coo. c*ec*$, acc*tth)
USA L10YD I O 1503 644 t0»7). J.f MIDI* l»00 138 «8M)
Inaiand vtvaway|0sa2 42J4i5|, wmdrush (0*M 4051I9J
(Jermony locher Computer 165 IS 21*\ Keil Software (04I0J *?41)
AustroUo. Ports totHoBecfron*cMM*»1H)
Japan: Mlcrooootdt 10474)23-1741 Seetou |0J) 832-6000
SwHtertand: tlson AO [Ote lie 27 24|
Mlciomoiter Scandinavian AO (018 - 138893)
'-HSC OQ JfcVJCN artf (Bar KIl/tE
WCH OMM9 ana OMMII 14J2 a» luttTzrb otUOWrO
a»»o - ot Mtro»o» HfXita 'arise
68' Micro Journal
September 86
53
OS-9 UniFLEX
MUSTANG-020, 68020, 68881 AND MORE
HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE
The DATA-Comp Division of Computer Publishing Corporation announces their new and
innovative HANDS-ON 68020 computer familiarization two day event. A chance to TRY
BEFORE YOU BUY!
For two full days (Monday through Friday - excluding legal holidays) each participant will
be furnished the exclusive use of a 68020 computer (MUSTANG-020). Each system will
have available native C compilers, BASIC, assembler and other high level languages. Each
system will be equipped with the Motorola MC 68881 math co-processor, where
applicable.
Each demonstration room will contain not more than two work stations. Each system will
be equipped with floppy disk, 20 megabyte Winchester technology hard disk, and 2
megabyte of RAM. RAM is partitioned as 690K bytes of RAM disk and 1 .2 megabyte of
user RAM space.
Participants are encouraged to bring along any source level projects, for evaluation, in C,
BASIC or assembler. Call for availibility of other HHLs.
Although this is not a training seminar, Data-Comp personnel are available for assistance
and consultation. This event is scheduled for hands-on evaluations of the 68020 CPU.
68881 math co-processor and MUSTANG-020 system, operating in a functional
environment.
Transportation to and from the airport and hotel/motel will be provided. Lunch provided
both days. Chattanooga airport is serviced by American, Delta. Republic and other airlines.
COST
One person - S375.00
Two persons - S595.00
• Mold single $22. 00. double $26.00
Includes satellite TV . convenient lo food and shopping
DATA-COMP
A Division of
Computer Publishing, Inc.
5900 Cassandra Smith Road
Hixson.Tn 37343
Telephone 61 5 842-4600
Telex 510 600-6630
Systems available for both OS-9 and UniFLEX. Reservation should be made 15 days in
advance. Attendee should initially indicate OS-9, UniFLEX or both. Special facilities
available on request. Please write or call for additional information.
NOTE: Both OS-9 and UniFLEX are Unix type operating systems. Each as been enhanced
in some aspect or another. Prospective attendees should have some working knowledge or
experience with one of these operating systems, lo gum full benefit of the session.
However, a newcomer will find that it is a simple matter lo be fairly proficient in using these
systems in the allocated lime. Special system instruction available on request. Call or
write.
J * Hotel/Motel cost are separate cost, not included in the basic cost shown.
54
September 86
68' Micro Journal
THE 6800-6809 BOOKS
..HEAR V£. HEAR
OS-9"
User Notes
By: Peter Dibble
The publishers of 68' Micro Journal are proud to Bake
available the publication of Peter Dibbles
OS 9 USE*. »PT*S
Inforaatloo for the BEGDINER to the PtO,
Kegular or CoCo 0S9
Oalm 0S9
HELP. HINTS, PROBLEMS, REVIEWS, SUCCESTIONS, COMPLAINTS.
0S9 STANDAROS, Generating a New Bootstrap, Building a
new System Disk, 0S9 Users Croup, etc.
Prograa Interfacing Co 0S9
DEVICE DESCRIPTORS, DIRECTORIES, "FORKS", PROTECTION,
"SUSPF.ND STATE", "UPES", "INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM", etc.
Progressing (.eoguages
Assembly Language Programs snd Interfacing; Bsslc09, C,
Pascal, and Cobol reviews, programs, and uaea; etc*
Disks Include
■o typing all the Source Listings In. Source Code and,
where applicable, assembled or complied Operating
Prograaia. The Source and the Discussions In the
Columns can be used "»a Is", or as a "Starting Point"
for developing your OWN more powerful Programs.
Programs sometimes uae multiple Languages such as a
short Assembly Lsngusge Routine for reading a
Directory, which la then "piped" to a Baslc09 Routine
for output formatting, etc.
BOOK S9.95
Typeset — w/ Source Listings
(1-Hole Punched; 8 x II)
Deluxe Binder ---------- $5-50
All Source Listings on Disk
1-8" SS. SD Disk S14.95
2-5" SS. DO Disks S20.95
FLEX™
USER NOTES
By: Ronald Anderson
The publishers of 68 MICRO JOURNAL are proud to
make available the publication of Ron Anderson's ITU
DSEK NOTES. In book form. This popular monthly column
has heen a regular feature In 68' MICRO JOURNAL SINCE
1979. It has earned the respect of thousands of
68 MICRO JOURNAL readera over the year*. In fact,
s column has been described aa the 'Bible' for 68XX
users, by some of the world's leading Microprocessor
professionals. The most needed and popular 6BXX book
available. Over the years Ron's column has been one of
the most popular In 68 MICRO JOURNAL. And of course
68 MICRO JOURNAL is the most popular 68XX aagatlne
published .
Listed below are a few of the
book and on diskette.
files Included in the
All TEXT files in the book are on the disks.
LOGO C1 File load program to otfset memory — ASM PIC
ME MOVE CI Memoiy move program — ASM PIC
DUMP Ct Pnnler dump program — uses LOGO — ASM PIC
SUBTEST CI Simulation ol 6800 code lo 6609. show differences — ASM
TERMEMC2 Modem input to disk (or olher POD tnpui lo disk) — ASM
M C2 Output a Me to modem lor another port) — ASM
PRINT C3 Parallel (enhanced) printer driver — ASM
MODEM C2 TTL output to CHT and modem (or other port) — ASM
SCIPKG Cl Soentilic math routines — PASCAL
U C4 Mini. monitor disk resident many useful functions — ASM
PRINTC4 Parallel printer dnver. Without PFLAG — ASM
SETCS Set printer modes — ASM
SETBAS1 CS Set printer modes — ABASIC
NOTE: .CI..C2, etc. -Chapter 1, Chapter Z. etc.
"Over 30 TEXT files Included Is ASK (aasembler)-PASCAL-
PIC (position Independent code) TSC BASIC-C, etc.
BooK only: $7.95 + $2.50 S/H
Wilh disk: 5" $20.90 + $2.50 S/H
Wilh disk: 8" $22.90 + $2.50 S/H
Snipping a. Handling $V 30 per Book, $2 SO per DUX set
Foreign Orders Add $4.50 Surface Mail
Of $7 .00 Air Mail
If paying by check - Please allow 4-6 weeks delivery
* All Currency in U.S. Dollars
Continually Updated In 68 Micro Journal Monthly
^ mm Computer Publishing Inc.
. v/m 5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
^ mm Hixson, TN 37343
"FLEX ts s trademark of Technical Systems Conaultanta
"OS9 Is a trademark of Hlcroware and Motorola
'611' Micro Journal la a trademark of Computer Publishing Inc.
(615) 842-4601
Telex 5106006630
'68' Micro Journal
September '66
55
SK DOS
(formerly called STAR-DOS)
is now available for both
68000 and 6809
computers. The same great DOS, but now
better than ever, with enhancements which
make it ideal for 6809 users moving to the
68000/68008/68010/68020. Available off-the-
shelf now for the Emerald ESB-1 and
Peripheral Technology PI"-68K, and for
licensing to OEMS at attractive terms. Single
copies to end users are $75 (6809 version) and
$125 (68K version). Configuration Manual
(optional at $50) gives full details on adapting to
new systems, supplied FREE to SK*DOS/68K
purchasers until Dec. 1. Adapt SK*DOS to a
new system and receive a royalty on your
adaption! Call us at 914-241-0287 for more
information.
VST,
AR-KTTX
Box 209 Mt. Kisco NY 10549
Hard Disk Subsystem
for SS-50 Computers
This phoven subsystem «oos mm disk speed and storage
CAPACITY TO YOU* COMPUTER VET REQUIRES OW. T OK SS"JC SLOT-
SOFTWARE (KITH SOURCE* IS INO.U0ED FOR *0Uf) CHOICE OF
HUV on SK'DOS". OS-9* Ievil I on Leva. It, or OS-9 6*
OPERATING SVSTENS. THE SOFTWARE HONORS ALL OPERATING
SfSTtH CWrtEMTIONS. THE SOFTWARE IS DESIGNED FOR THE XEBEX
SltlQ COHTROLLER INTERFACING TO ANV HARD DISK DRIVE THAT
CONFORMS TO THE STM6 STANDARD- FOUR SUBSYSTEMS ARE
AVAILABLE:
1) 27 16 (formatted! Control Data Corporation WfiDi hard
DISK. XEJEC SW10A CONTROLLER. SS'SO INTERFACE CARD.
ALL CARLES, AND SOFTWARE FOR »28S0j
2; 7-5 MB (FORMATTEOJ TANSON TH"603 HARD DISK, REST SAME
AS ABOVE FOR 1595;
3) NO HARD DISK. REST SAME AS AWN E FOR 1600; AND
tj SS-50 INTERFACE CARP AND SOFTWARE FOR 1200.
PLL PRICES IKCU/M SNIPPING- HE ACCEPT VISA AND ItASTERCARD
WITHOUT ADDING A SURCHARGE. TEXAS RESIDENTS MUST ADD SALES
tax. The subsystem mat BE mounted within your computer
chassis or in a separate enclosure with power supply.
pi. ease write or moke i include your day am) evening phone
kumbersj for more information. he will return north
America calls so thai any detailed answers will be at our
EXPENSE-
C1&SXPWS8S
P.O. 8ox 9802 - «»5
Austin, Texas 78766
t5J2> 2W-6550
FI£X is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants, Inc.
SK'DOS is a trademark of Star-Kits
0S-9 is a trademark of Hicroware and Notorou
ANDERSON COMPUTER
CONSULTANTS
Ron Anderson, respected author and columnist
for 68' Micro Journal announces the Anderson
Computer Consultants & Associates, a
consulting firm dealing primarily in 68XX(X) software
design. Our wide experience in designing 6809
based control systems for machine tools is now
available on aconsultation basis.
Our experience includes programming machine
control functions, signal analysis, multi-axis servo
control (CNC) and general software design and
development. We have extensive experience in
instrumentation and analysis of specialized
software. We support all popular languages
pertaining to the 6809 and other 68XX(X)
processors.
If you are a manufacturer of a control or measuring
package that you believe could benefit from
efficient software, write or call Ron Anderson. The
fact is that any calculation you can do with a pencil
and paper, can be done much better with a
microcomputer. We will be happy to review your
problem and offer a modern, state-of-the-art
microcomputer solution. We can do the entire job
orworkwithyoursoftware or hardware engineers.
3540 Sturbridge Court
Ann Arbor, Ml 48105
SI2K RAM
Expansion
Compact
Flexible
6809
Computer
The new ST -2900 system — a complete fWKsmall turns**! or hoBbyiel computer
is only one ol its many possible conllgurallona Among lis lealures are
e Small enough lo hold tn your hand 4 tGurocard site 39" xfl3"|
• Three board "system" for greater versatility than single board computers
e CPU Board - powerful B809£ proceaeor. 16K or 6*K RAM. IK 32K EPROm,
2 RS232 serial porta with software programmable baud rate*, tfl bll courv
ler'llmer Run the CPU board all by Utah, or plug your own cuslom boordorour
FOC board and/or RAM- 512 board Into the expansion connector
• FOC Board - double^decVdoublo-denslly i loppy disk controller wJlh adjust-
ment Iree dkgilel data separator and write precompensetion. 2 frail parallel
poM*. 2 l&bll counler/tlmers, prototyping area-
• RAM-S-1 2 Beard - 524.238 OYlea O I RAM on a 4 1 5" x 6 3" board! LOw power
Includes RAMOIsk soltwar* lor FLEX/5TAR DOS or OS 9
e FLlX, STAHBOS, ano Ot.V supported - aarliwera s*1e«UB>le,
■ OS 9 Conversion Package lets you use Ihe low cost Radio Shack CoCo rtrsion
ol OS Bon our ST -2900 system Sav*Sl3l oM the suggested ll»l price oi OS 9t
H* programming la Involved. Supports CoCo OS-9. alartoard OS8\ and
MIZAR OS9r68K disk formats Compalihte with PC-XFER to lei you
re*d/«ritefronnet MS-DOS dlskel
• CPU bare boeroplus EPROm 5*5 OS 9Convo<slon Package %*9
FOCbate board S36 FLEX Conversion Package £29
RAM-5l2boardAST(wX«RAM} SftM CPU + FOC + OS 9Conve<al0n $119
CPU + f oc board set a9»emo)«i and tested S329
• Add S5 shlpplngmandhng {Sio overseas) These prices are in US funds
Canadian orders: call or write for prices Terms check, money order, VISA
(Trkd-xru/Vt Fit* . T«tift-C*i4r%**T>«Coo*uil*<M» 0&4- 0«r© »».■*. Mo) QrtX* MS-DOT*- U-£*f»Ci
S7 ^S'al fs. r-N. i / Cillo* write tor Inae catalog
£ >AkOI> ztigsz"*"*'
T XC<HNOL<OOIC<
2261 E 111(1 Ave. Vancouver, B.C., Canada V5N 1Z7
56
September '66
'68' Micro Journal
SOFTWARE FOR 680x AND MSDOS
DISKETTES & SERVICES
SUPER SI EUlX DtSASSE MBLERS
EACH S99-FLEX S101-OS/9 $100-UNIFLEX
OBJECT-ONLY varalone: EACH |S»f\.EX.OS/*.COCO
lyiliial) g«v* nra on da* *an Una*. »1A ml. bnary arfang
•paar, aao0.i.2.).s.e.MM2 w» or ZB04MO.S >mi
OSS wtfon Mn praotXH n.E X lormat ot)Ki «■ mw OSQ
COCO DOS avallaMsin 6*00. U.3.S,a.4*S0J vmUm (noi ZBO/8£»0.5> only
CROSS-ASSEMBLERS (REAL ASSEMBLERS, NOT MACRO SETS)
EACH $SO-FLEX,OS/9,UNIFLEX,MSDOS ANY 3 $100 ALL $100
*9m#i N>r i(Oi.eM2.e80i.«W4.Mos.eaM.za.zao.a»>i,aQsi.wws.iaoDa
morAAarOTaai iiwilaa i «iC. «i*riloaBV«pap' lOmwmion MOW: OS.V4IK
MM {not MOO0J iowm lor rwirml ISO WKA, $100 tor 3. $300 tar «t
DEBUGGMQ SIMULATORS FOR POPULAR 8- BIT MICROPROCESSORS
EACH $7S-FLEX $100-OS/9 $B0-UNIFLEX
OBJECT-ONLY varalone: E CH ISO-COCO FLEX.COCO 0&9
•profy vv aeoo/i. {Hvseos. esoa eaos OS/9 2eo FLEX
ASSEMBLER CODE TRANSLATORS FOR 6502, 6800/1. 6809
B50?1oSr»9 J75-FLEX JftJ-OS'9 WO-UNIFIE*.
6800)1 10 6B09 » 6809 lo poarBOrvmd SSO-FLEX »7»-OSn} JW-UNIFLEX
FULL-SCREEN XBASIC PROGRAMS «r«n omr eontxH
AVAILABLE FOR FLEX, UNIF LEX, AND MSOOS
OCPLAY GEnERATOaVfXCUUEMTOfl ISO WMum. S2S »«noUI
MATING LIST SYSTEM JlOO v^OUra, MO wWKHil
INVENTORY WITH MRP 1 100 w tourc*. M0 WtHlOul
TABULA RASA SPREADSHEET »IO0 KWW« $» wtlhoM
DISK AND XBASIC UT1UTV PROGRAM LIBRARY
SSO-FLEX $30-UN1FLEXfMSDOS
arjt dak tadonv ten OVadory , mmrun mastar outag. do Oik son .
—jgurm •orraoral of BASIC progiim.vrfaASIC program. «c
non-Fix* wdronAife sort and -w«vana* ortfy
CMOOEM TELECOMMU MCATrONS PROGRAM
$100 FLEX.OSft3,UN)FLEX,MS-DOS
OBJECT-ONLY wrtlon* EACH ISO
manu-drmmmrn —Ml moda «M t i nKir. MO06M7, XON-XOFF. ate
1WCOCOandniTvCOCO.dr>«f»irnr«COCX)mooampDnLjpl0^^
5.25" DISKETTES
EACH 10-PACK $12.S0-SSSD/SSDD/DSDD
Ammvmada . Duamaao 1 DDK our*/, won Try* |«rcMK. nuD '
ADOmONA L SE/TvTCES FOR THE COMPUTING COMMUnJTTY
CUSTOMIZED PROGRAMMMG
we «rll oolamtia any ol ha program rjasrtza) h TNa adva/nartrrl win our
brofJwtafr yfl iari Tg ) tufeiTW uu or 1o cow now (vrroanor*. t» chrvgo
frjrsUtflatfDMaMn 49PBnO» l«on t:a rna*JB*B>y ^MimfcBiI
CONTRACT PROG RaVtfUMQ
we ml male now program! or moday aisang program ! on 1 contrad bun.
i Mrvica w* n«v« proudad lor ov» tvMnt) yean) ma compours on when wa
hart performed contraa prog r amming inchjde mod popular models ol
mainrramea. ineluOng IBM. Burroughs. Uruvac. H o n eywell, most popular
moor* ol mmoompuara, ndudng DEC I3M.DG HP AT»T and mora
popular branoa of m#croeompuieri. including 0600V 1 . 0009. Z00. 0503.
eaoOO. uang moat appropnaai enguagei and operaang lyuems. on it n a n a
rangmg n lira from large lala o om m un ca aona 10 vgle board ooraroBalt.
In* cnarge for comraci nrog/anvnmg a usuaty by tw hour or by via teak
CONSULTINO
m oiler a wide range o» haaraaa and MeVc* mremnB ewrai insuring
•arranrn. mMna. r/aHrrg. and drrjrgn, on any lop* naaaM 10 oompuan.
tm cnarg* tor conauaa^) M iuna«, oasad upon erne, savel and ai/iaaa
Computer Syalema Coniullanla, Inc.
1454 Lalta Line, Conyera. GA 30207
Telephone 404-4B3-4570 or 1717
We lake order* at any lima, but plan
long dlacuaalona alter 6, If poaalble.
Contact ua about catalog, dealer, dlecounte, and aervlcee.
Moat programa In aource: give computer, OS, dlek alia.
25% off multiple purctiaaaa of aama program on one order.
VISA and MASTER CARD accepted; US funda.only. pleeaa.
Add GA aatea tax (if In GA) and 5% ahipplng.
(lJaV\£XriTar»nt^ SyJ »i - r>j» J Jar«V0r5»U uu aai l. COCOT«naV»eOQSMpa»rI
SOFTWARE .
HARDCORE
tFORTH^
from TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS
NEW SYSTEMS FOR
6301/6801, 6809, and 68000
" FORTH PROGRAMMING TOOLS from the 68XX&X "
•• FORTH specialists — get the best!' "
NOW AVAILABLE — A variety of rom and disk FORTH systems lo
run on and/or do TARGET COMPILATION for
6600. 6301/6801. 6809. 68000, 6080. 280
Wnte or call for information on a Specw I system to lit your require-
ment.
Standard systems available for these hardware —
EPSON HX-20 rom system and target compiler
6809 rom systems for SS-50, EXOHCISER. STD. ETC
COLOR COMPUTER
6800 6809 FLEX or EXORCISER disk systems
66000 rom based systems
68000 CPM-68K disk systems, MODEL II t2 16
ifORTH is a refined version of FORTH Interest Group standard
FORTH, faster than FIG-FORTH FORTH is both a compiler and
an interpreter. It executes orders of magniludas faster than inter-
pretive BASIC MORE IMPORTANT, CODE DEVELOPMENT
AND TESTING is much, much faster than complied languages
such as PASCAL and C. If Software DEVELOPMENT CCSTSare
an imporlant concern for you. you need FORTH 1
finnFORTH'" is for the programmer who needs lo squeeze the
most into rOms. It is a professional programmer s lool for compact
rommabfe code for controller applications
* IFORTH and (irmFOflTH ■<• naoamaiki ot Taitwl Micn»y«iam>
* FLEX a a Iradamam ol Teenrvcii Syuami Coruunanit Inc
* Cpm-mk a iradtmafk ol Dqnai Rnaarcn Inc
— > IFORTH SYSTEMS <—
For all FLEX systems GtMIX. SW rp, SSB. or EXORcisor Specify
5 or 8 inch diskette, hardware type, and 6800 or 6609
" IFORTH — extended fig FORTH (1 disk) $100 ($1 5)
with fig line editor.
•■ (FORTH + — more" (3 5* or 2 8* disks) $250 ($25)
adds screen editor, assembler, extended data types, utilities,
games, and debugging aids.
" TRS-80 COLORFORTH — availabte from The Micro Works
" firm FORTH — 6809 only $350 ($10)
For target compilations to rommable code.
Automatically deletes unused code Includes HOST system
source and target nucleus source. No royally on targets Re-
quires but does nol include IFORTH +
•' FORTH PROGRAMMING AIDS — elaborate decompiled 50
" IFORTH for HX-20. in 16K roms for expansion unit or replace
BASIC $170
" IFORTH 68K for CPM-68K 8" disk system $290
Maries Modet 16 a super software development system
" Nautilus Systems Cross Compiler
— Requires IFORTH + HOST + at least one TARGET
— HOST system code (6809 or 68000) $200
— TARGET source code. 6800- $200, 6301 5801— $200
same plus HX-20 extensions — $300
6809— $300. 8060/Z80— $200, 68000— $350
Manuals available separately — pries hi ( )
Add $6 system lor shipping $15 for foreign air
TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS 1927 Curtis Ave., Redondo Beach. CA 90278 (213) 376 9941
'SB' Micro Journal
September '86
57
AVAILABLE NOW! 1
WafcWtM^iaiJWBftrtiiMmMflW^ ■
PL|iS-68k (PL/9 for the 68000)
running under FLEX™
• Built-in screen editor
• Built-in source-level debugger
• Byte, Integer and Long variables
• Single-pass compiler
• Direct source to object
• Compiles over 1000 lines/min
• Runs on any FLEX™ system with a spare PIA port
The second processor module (included):
/
Develop 68000 software
on your FLEX™ system.
No second computer
required!
• 10MHz 68008 CPU
• 128k bytes RAM
• Case and power supply
• Plugs into Windrush UPROM
Other software included:
68000
poM
• Program loader
• 68000 FLEX 1M interface package.
• Comprehensive System Monitor with source
• Hex-Binary-Hex Conversion Routines
Development is currently under way of a version for
OS/9-68000. The package price includes a free
copy of the OS/9 version when it becomes available.
Run FLEX™
software on the
68008
$999
Complete
For further information, phone or write:
Worstead Laboratories
North Walsham
Norfolk NR28 9SA
England
Tel (44) 692 404086
Telex 975548 WMICRO G
r<j)yWINDRUSH
Microsystems Ltd.
55
September '86
68' Micro Journal
MICRO
JOURNN.
OK, PLEASE ENTER MY SUBSCRIPTION
Bill My: Mastercard □ VISAD
Card # Exp. Date
For 1 Year
2 Yeais
3 Years
Enclosed: $
Name
Street
City
State
Zip
My Computer Is:
Subscription Rates
U.S.A.: 1 Year $24.50, 2 Years $42.50, 3 Years $64.50
♦Foreign Surface: Add $12.00 per Year to USA Price.
♦Foreign Airmail: Add $48.00 per Year to USA Price.
♦Canada & Mexico: Add $9.50 per Year to USA Price.
♦U.S. Currency Cash or Check Drawn on a USA Bank !
68 Micro Journal
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
FOB 849
Hixson.TN 37343
Telephone 615 842-4600
Telex 510 600-6630
s
CSG IMS is a general purpose Inlormalkm management system
designed to make trie development ol tile-iniensive applications as
quick and easy as possible IMS is a lull featured database
manager with the added benefit of a structured, general purpose
application language Some popular applications are accounting,
inventory, data acquisition, cataloging, membership and mailing
lists.
SYSTEM FEATURES
• CSG IMS uses B+Tree index structures tor last database
access and reliability Record, index and file sizes are virtually
unrestricted
• Supported data types are text, BCD Itoating point 04 digits),
short and long integers, and date
• Mem driven executive program for ease ol operation
• User definable screen forms and reports are supported
•' the interactive environment provides access to databases arid
most language features allowing quick ad hoc queries
• CSG IMS includes a recursive, compiled language supporting
program modules with full parameter passing
• The CSG IMS run-time interpreter is available separately for
user developed aid distributed applications
• Comprehensive 320 page manual with tutorial section
CSC IMS for 0S9/6809 Lll and OS9/68000 $49500
Run lime interpreter lor CSG IMS $100.00
CSG IMS manual only J20 00
miCES in us ootuws
ADO SS00 S4M FOfl COHTIMNTAL USA. FOflCWM 0AOERS ADO S1000 SAM
To order CSG IMS or to receive further inlormation write
CLEARSROOK SOFTWARE GROUP
PO Sox 8000-499
Sumas, WA 9829S-8000
or phone
(604)853-9118
Send for a free catalog describing all of our 0S9 products
We welcome dealer inquiries
0S9 II ■ tajsierad imfcnwli ol I
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
59
OS-9™ SOFTWARE
SDISK— Standard disk driver module allows the use of
35, 40, or 80 track double sided drives with COCO OS-9
plus you can read/wr te/loimat the OS-9 formats used by
other OS-9 systems. $29.95
SDISK + BOOTFIX— As above plus boot directly from a
double sided diskette $35.95
FILTER KIT #1— Eleven OS-9 utilities for "wildcard" direc-
tory lists, copies, moves, deletes, sorts, eta Now includes
disk sector edit utility also. $29.96 ($31.95)
FILTER KIT #2— Macgen command macio generator
builds new commands by combining old ones with
paiameter substitution, 10 other utilities. $29.95 ($31.95)
HACKER'S KIT «— Disassembler and related utilities
allow disassembly from memoiy, file. $24.95 ($26.95)
PC-XFER UTILITIES —Utilities to read/write and format
MS-DOS™ diskettes on CoCo under OS-9. Also transfer
(lies between RS disk basic and OS-9. $45 (version now
available for SSB level II systems. Inquire).
CCRD 512K RAM DISK CARTRIDGE —Requites RS
Multipak Interface; with software below creates OS-9
RAM disk device. $259
CCRDV OS-9 Driver software for above. $20
BOLD prices aie CoCo OS-9 format disk, other formats
(In parenthesis) specify format and OS-9 level. All orders
prepaid orCOD, VISA and MasterCard accepted. Add $1.50
S&H on prepaid, COD actual charges added.
SS-50C
1 MEGABYTE RAM BOARD
Full megabyte of ram with disable options to suit any
SS-50 6609 system. High reliability, can replace static ram
fora fraction of the cost, $699 for 2 Mh* or $799 for 2.25
Mhz board assembled, tested and fully populated.
2 MEGABYTE RAM DISK BOARD
RD2 2 megabyte dedicated ram disk board for SS-50
systems. Up to 8 boards may be used In one system.
$1150; OS-9 drivers and test program, $30.
(Add $6 shipping and insurance, quantity discounts
available.)
D.P. Johnaon, 7855 S.W. Cedarcreat St.
Portland, OR 97223 (503)244-8152
(For best seivice call between 911 AM Pacific Time.)
OS4 1> * ttWorrw* o) Micro*** and MoKwott Inc.
MS-DOS r» a trarJvrvarfc ol Microsoft. Inc.
COMPILER EVALUATION SERVICES
BY: Ron An derm
TbC S.E. MEDIA Dlvtakm of Computer
PuMbbbig Inc.
b offering Ihc following SUBSCRIBER
SERVICE:
COMPILER COMPARISON AND EVALUATION REPORT
Due lo the constant and rapid updating and enhancement
or numerous compilers, and the different utility, appeal,
speed, level of communication, memory usage, etc., of
different compile! s, ihe folk) wing services are now being
offered with periodic updates.
This service, with updates, will allow you who are waiy or
confused by the various claims of compiler vendors, an
opportunity to review comparisons, comments,
benchmarks, etc., concerning Ihe many different
compilers on the market, for ihe 6809 microcomputer.
Thus the savings could far offset the small cost of this
service.
Many have purchased compilers and then discovered that
the particular compiler purchased either is not Ihe most
efficient for their purposes of does not contain features
necessary for their application. Thus the added expense
of purchasing additional compilei(s) or ool being able to
fully utilize Ihe advantages of high level language
compilers becomes too expensive.
The following COMPILERS arc reviewed initially, more
will be reviewed, compared and beochmarked as (hey
become available to the author
PASCAL C GSPL WHIMSICAL PL/9
Initial Subscription - 139.95
(includes I year updates)
Updates for 1 year - $14.50
S.E. MEDIA - C.PJ.
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson, TN 37343
(615) 8414601
68000 68020 68010
68008 6809 6800
Writ* or phone for catalog.
AAA Chicago Computer Center
120 Chestnut Lane — Wheeling IL 60090
(312) 459-0450
TvetlnlcaJ Cociiulttflon ■•■llibli mo»l «r***rj«y» irom * PM 10 6 PM CST
60
September '66
'68' Micro Journal
6»
00*
A Powerful
1-2-3
Combination
GQOlQ
, 1. Stylo-Graph Word Processor
Stylo-Merge Text Formatter cJlQ^
Stylo-Spell 42,000 Word dictionary O®
2. Motorola 68000 Microprocessors
3. The 68K OS9 Operating System
All the Stylo programs are written in 68K assembly code making their performance second to none.
The ability to always see on the screen what your printout will look like saves time and makes
your work easier.
Why settle for less than the best?
Check it out today!
Call or write for catalog
Stylo Software, Inc.
PO to. 916 -»P2<- Sli«H
OAHO FAUS. OAO 63402
|208| S2O-3210
.VISA OR MASTERCARD ACCEPTED
OVER 10 VEAflS OF DEOtCATED OUAITFVI
/ A Division of
•Compuur PuMishlnt, Int.
5900 Cuusdra Sirilh Road
Hixaoii.To 37343
Telephone 615 842-4600
Telex 610 600-6630
DATA-COMP
SPECIAL
Heavy Duty Power Supplies
For A limited time we are offering our HEAVY DUTY SWITCHING
POWER SUPPLY. These are BRAND NEW units and will not last
long. Also note that these pil es ere less than 1/4 the normal price
for these high quality unit.
Mike riotcJiHl
Sde 10lS i 5 i 25 {achat - tBclu&Bg heavy amomxift
brack et md brafekik
Rung is 110/220 voKa tc («i«p ehmp) Out I'M waa
Oujjvc *5v ■ 10 Ufa
* 12*. 4.0 tap
+I2v - 20ampa
•12» - <X5 uqpa
Muna Qjm \j \ TonnJnal strip
Load Radian: Aiaoiuik abort circuit ta mmy
■Ml
SPECIAL: $59.95
2 or mora 49.95
Add: $7.50 each SIH
Maki: BcKhai
Si» : 10.7S.6 2i.2.25<M»<»
KMbf IIU220 ac (OTtp change) Out 81 warn
Oiaputt «Sv,&jOm>pi
♦ 12v . 14 np
< 12v - 24 aapl
+ 12v- llampj
-llv - 0A dipt
Mtiiaa Dnuctort: Mote*
Load Raadlott: Auttmatfc t&ancirailtracDvtr?
Each
SPECIAL: $49.95
2 OR MORE 39.9S
AoVfc $7.50 S/H each
'68' Micro Journal
September '86
61
6809<>68XXX
UniFLEX
X-TALK
A C-MODEM/Hardware Hookup
Exclusive for the MUSTANG-020 running
UniFLEX, is a new transfer program and cable set
from DATA-COMP (CPO X-TALK consist of 2
disks and a special cable, this hook-up enables a 6809
SWTPC UniFLEX computer to port UniFLEX files
directly to a 68XXX UniFLEX system.
This is the only cuirently available method to
transfer files, text or otheiwise, from a 6809
UniFLEX system to a 68000 UniFLEX system, that
we have seen. A must if you want to recompile or
cross assemble your old (and valuable) source files to
run on a 68000 UniFLEX system. GIMIX users can
directly transfer files between a 6809 GIMIX system
and our MUSTANG-020 68020 system, or GIMIX
68020 system. All SWTPC users must use some sort
of method other than direct disk transfer. The 6809
SWTPC UniFLEX disk foimat is not readable by most
other 68000 type systems.
The cable is specially prepared with internal
connections to match the non-standard SWTPC SCV9
DB2S connectors. A special SWPTC+ cable and
software is also available, at the same price. Orders
must specify which type SWTPC 6809 UniFLEX
system they intend to transfer from or to.
1 he X-TALK software is furnished on two
disks. One 8" disk containing the 6809 software and
one 5" disk containing the 68 XXX software. These
programs are also complete MODEM piograms and
can be used as such, including X-on X-off, and all the
other features you would expect from a full modem
program.
X-TALK can be purchased with/without the
special cables, however, this SPECIAL piice is
available only to registered MUSTANG-020 owners.
X-TALK, w/cable $99.95
X-TALK only 69.95
X-TALK w/source $149.95
DATA-COMP
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson.TN 37343
Telephone 61 5 842-4601
Telex 510 600-6630
Nol»: Registered MUSTANG-020 owners musl furnish syslem
sertaloumbw In order lo buy at Bieae apodal low prices.
68' MICRO JOURNAL
Dlek-l Plleeort. Hlnlcat. Klnlcopy. Hlnlfaa.
••LMetlse. '"Poetry. "Poodllat, ••Diet.
Dlek-2 Olekedlt «/ lnat.4 llui, Prim, tPreni.
••Snoopy, "foot hall. ••M.«p.«,,««Lt fet la»
Dlek-J Cbu*09. Seel, Sac2, find, Table2. luteal ,
Dl alt-tip. 'Dlakeave.
Olak-t Hailing Proiria. •Plnddat. 'Change.
•Teatdtek.
DISK-) •PJSKPIX I, *D1SKFI« 2, ••LlTTKH.
••LOVESIliN. •'■UCKJAK, ••BOWL INC.
Mek-t ••Purchaea Ordar, Indei (Dlak {11* Indx)
Mak-7 Linking leader, Rload, Harknraa
Dtak-t Crl.at, Unphar (Hay 82)
Mak-t Detecnpy. Olekrix? (Aug 82)
Olak-10 Hop* Accounting (July 82)
Mak-ll Olaaeaiblar (June 84)
Dlak- 1 2 ModeaioR (Revleed Junr Us)
Dlak- 1 J »!nit»fn8. Tett.riin, 'Cleanup, «n»kal1i<n,
Help, Uate.Txt
Olek-lt Mnlt, *TaaC, "Terminal. 'Plnd, «Dlakrdlt,
Intt.Ltb
Olak-IS Hod.a9 . Updatx (Par. St CI 1 rhrlxt ) tn
Hode»9 (April 8« Coajara)
Dlak- It Copy. Tat. Copy. Doc, Cat .Tut, cat. Doc
Mak-17 Match Utility, «AT»AS. A Stale Prrprocaaaor
Dlak-18 Paraa.Nod, Site. Gad (Sapt. 85 Araetrong).
CMDCODK, CHIl.Tat (Sept. 85 Spray)
Olek-lt Clock, Data, Copy, Cat, POCL.Aee, A Doc,
Krrura.Sye, Dn, Lita.Aaat Doc.
Dlak-10 UNIX Like Toola (July 4 Sept. 85 Taylor 4
Ctldirlat). Dragon. C. Crap .C, LS.C, PDIMP.C
•tak-21 Utllltlaa 4 Cant - Data, Ufa, Hedneai,
Touch. Goblin, Sterehot, 4 IS tore.
Dltk-21 keed CPM 4 Hon-PLKX Oleka. rraeer Hay
1*84,
■lek-2) ISAM, Indeied Sequential file Acceealng
Hethooa, Condon Nov. 1981. Betenelble Table
Driven Language Recognition Utility,
Andaraon Harch 1986.
Dlek-24 68' Hlcro Journal Indaa of Artlclea 4 Sit
fturkrt Itcaui (roa 1479 * 198s, John Current.
Dlek-2* KCIIMIT for PL8X derived fro. the UNIX ver.
Burg Peb. 1986. U)-»" Plaka or (l)-8- Dlak.
Olek-26 Coapecte UnlAoard Kevlev, Code 4 Dlagraa.
fturllneoo Harch 1984.
NOTE:
This is 8 reader setvice ONLY! No wanamy is offered or
implied, ihey are as icceivcd by '68' Micro Journal, and
are for reader convenience ONLY (some MAY include fixes
or patches), Also 6800 and 6809 programs are mixed, as
each is fairly simple (mostly) lo convert to the other.
8" Disk $14.95
5" Disk $12.95
68' Micro Journal
5900 Cassandia Smith Rd. Hixson.TN 37343
X
(6l5)-842-4600
Telex 5106006630
'Indicates 6800
♦♦Indicates BASIC SWTPC or TSC
6809 no Indicator
Foreign Orders Add $4.50 for Surface Mail
or $7.00 for Air Mail
♦All Currency in U.S. Dollars
62
September '86
'68' Micro Journal
PT-69 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SYSTEMS
NOW WITH WINCHESTER OR FLOPPY DISK DRIVES
The pi oven PT-E9 Single Board Computer line is expanding! Systems now can be Winchester or floppy-based Available also in a smaller
cabinet without drives lor dedicated systems with no mass storage requirements
■ 1 MHZ 6809E Processor * 2 RS 232 Serial Ports (6850) " 2 8-bit Parallel Ports (6621)
■ Time-Ol-Day Clock ■ S6K RAM 2KV4K EPROM " 2797 Floppy Disk Controller
Custom Design tnqwimt w*ctmd
Wncrmltr Syitam
■FTWXT WINCHESTER SYSTEM
lad*ie* S MEG Wncbai* Dri<e, 2 40 ■ trick DS/DD Drive,
Parallel Prints' Inlafact » cbota of OSA> or STAR-DOS.
$1795.9$
(895.95
•PT-69 A A&fMBLED 4 TESTED BOARD
"OS»
•STAR-DOS
•PT09S2 FLOPPY SYSTEMS
(ori*to FT69 Board, I DS/DD 40 ■ TRK S 1/4* oVivw, cabinet,
nrfidilng purrer supply, OS/9 or STAR-DOS.
PERIPHERAL TECHNOLOGY
1480 Terrell Mill Rd . Suite 870
Marietta. Georgia 30087 *2T
VISA MASTERCARD/CHECK/COO Telex #880584 404 984 0742
'OS9 Is a trademaik ol Microware
$279.00
$200.00
$50.00
CHI OR WRITE rOB *00>"C»iAl
CONFCUBAIIONS
^
XDMS-IV %
Data Management System
IDH8-IV PRrjCEBBZNC HOOEL
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■ vltt in tltl)JIIB*> ■Ullt IP Kit lin* *PltrJF K Fully laeiKifl OflPAtP* 4
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Mrltlen lit rolt>p«Xf elruct rod aeeendkler* Into rilM for FAIT •»»cutL«r»'
ZDKl-19 Li 4i prand ri*« approach to del* *aafL*goA>en ( , It not Ohlw ptt«m
utert la -tirnin. enter n-d rilni*t dot*. Put lilt to BfdHtOftl entire
111 ■■ producing cuatoen ted reporter e ere en d lap) ay a and file output.
Proceeding car* cenelet of any of a eat ol otandard high level functiona
Including record and livid OOlOCtlDn, Bortlng and aggregation* lookup*
in ath»' fil**, epoclal p* atui J.f -j at record awPaeta. cuatom report
'iiririiiimg, totaling and «ubtotaiinpi and praeentatton of up to three
XDMtt-lV «raeln-n ihm f^tuo^Mlitj o* M«n r popular DlKt aoftwarp eyiletae.
with a nm taay to ua* co-iaind ■*! into a alM|l* mtagrattd package^
Mo've Included m**>r nm featurea and c-MOMpAdt IncludUif a aet of general
file ulthtiea. The pr*«e««inp o oe uwawda are Inpul-Procaia-Dutpul (IfV)
oriented «rht<h alien a alma at In e tent Letplaoieivt allon of a proem deelgri,
MUtllOH QHIMMTgPt
IDNI-T7 Id papdlon grltnlpt. Enfpr *XDK1* iflS yau art in LflPtant itDn>-a«nr,l
<» dll tho i*di-ure*. Ko mmi — * 1 1 1 r- g for a contmartd to Ir-ed in from dlak'
Many coetrmnda are lp--fr>oPlata t such aa CJtIATE 'file dofinllibnl. UfOlTl
1'ilt erilitoT p. FQRurE *»d OELITI lutllttlvti. OlHora ara proca** c»-pwa-i«Jt
eeeteiaed. Iittter eiey be entered loto a "proceee- ftle which Id et ecu led
by 01 IIICIr'TI ittriAtm, 4*roc*ooto «•■• eiocul* athor ptof*ee**i 01
theetaelwee. either cendttlonally at uhcori II I tonally. Kenva and acroen
o'Dmpti era eaetly cnaarJ. and etttre uaer eppllcatlone can he run
ulthekii ever leaving XDNI-TV
IT'S EAQ^T TQ fJBBJ
i OKI- IV iLotpt oat* etanagtebtnt »i«p[*' SatMr than doalgn a longin D1M1
which hide* thai true nature of tho tfoto. up kopl IHWI-IT file ar ion tad.
Ttie uier vleu of data reletlonihipe 1« preaanted la report* a>d acr**n
drutpuli uMt* the actuol data r*aitf*m in oaoy to eialntaln flLop. Thip
atpact pornlta cuatooiliod proton I alian and roporla without fonpLoi
redefinition of tho e*.(*b*ee filoo end otrucluf*. XDK1-IV *>ay ho utPd
for a uld* retig* of application* from Blmple record monag*n.ont oyttpn*
<addraaae»i inventory .,,) to integrated dataiaae eyetoai* tordor entry,
accounltngr.il* The pcaaibltit tea are unltnlted ...
XDXt-lV for tdfly PLIX, PTaH-DO*. fXeOOl l»" or •">- I1M.00»P1H
Orrjpr by Phonei * H- •* J ■ U00/ UO 1 - (T[la an < NiltorCard o£<*dl*«l
Or urttpl tooth Beat Media. 9900 Caatandra Beilth, Vimen, Tenn 3794b
WE8TCHBBTKR AppIIPld e)uotr.o«* Byatoma
2 F«a Pang Lamp. IriArcliff Hipur. I»T. JwoLO Tal f M-t*j- J951IIv ( t 1
fUXtU) lentcel t-n-ton* beawlleiiit, WoPPKut ITaJHtTTI Cava.
'68' Micro Journal
September *66
63
CmX Micro-20
prices
GMX S-50 BUS prices
68020 SYSTEM 6809 SYSTEM
a
O
5
2
HICRO 20 (12. 5 HHil 12S(S.OO
HICIO 21 114. ST IHx) I2B55.H0
I PORT 85232 BOARD SET (SBC-85) $ 498.10
P80T0TTPIMG BOARD (SBC-NY) I 75.00
BACK PANEL PLATE (BPP-PC) | 44.00
1/0 BUS ADAPTER ISBC-BA) | 19S.00
QUANTITY DISCOUNTS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE
ABOVE ITERS AS rOt.LOWSi4-9.LESS 5Ji
I0-24.LESS fOfi 2S-99.LESS 2I{| 100 UP, LESS 301.
NC(BBBIRCI2 1 295.00
HHBBBIRCK f 395.00
SBC ACCESSORT PACKAGE (K2I-AP) (1(90.00
For other configurations and options, contact GNX.
MOTOROLA (8021 USERS MANUAL | IB. 00
I0T0R0LA (8881 USERS NANUAL I IB. 01
10 OROER BY MAR,: SENO CHECK OR UONEVOROER OR USE YOUR VIS* OR MASTER
CHARGE, F*iii iftow 3««akitw porsorulcriocliilsOMr US WDiii odd IS Mndl-
kit I o>d<r h uti6*i 1200 DO Fornrjn r»r),ti tod (ID undtng II orttf Is undor
1200 00 Fori^ln VMn on< S?00 00 wit In iNpfMd vU fiwiy Air Fitighl COUECt.
And »■ wil cjuiQi no Binding. All ocetfi mull oo pnwid In U $ hinds fms« no*,
InAI lot's n choeki novo twtri taking lOoul ( «Mks Hi conillon to ko *mM oflvlst
w*rtig mono?, w llwcki drawn on i bank mcou m In irn U S Oui oji* II Mo Common-
Ill IWMU Niltoul Sink of Chicago. 231 S. USaM SvmI, CNugo. IL 60693. acoount
nun** 73- 320]}.
BASIC- W ind OS 9 iro indonorkt 0* UIcowIji Sysiorru C»r» ind MOtOROlA. inc
FlEt tnd UmflEX in kadamaikj ol TKMui SWomi Consultant!, int GIUiX.
GHOSt. OMX. CIASSV CHASSIS. ■!• l/odomirm ol OlMIX, Inc.
Gmx
1337 WEST 37lh PLACE
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609
(312)827-5510 • TWX 910 221-4055
for the user who appreciates the need for a bus
structured systei using STATIC RAN and powered
by a ferro resonant constant voltage transformer,
DMA transfers, high speed Nfflj, we have the
UKIFIEX-VN (B020 development system.
The system CPU provides protection to the system
and other users from crashes caused by defective
user programs.
The system's Intelligent serial I/O processor
boards significantly reduce system overhead by
handling routine I/O functions.
The UnlflEX VN Operating Systei Is a demand-paged,
virtual memory operating systei written In (8020
Assembler code for compactness and efficiency. It
allows up to 4 Megabytes of Virtual Memory per
user. All systems Include 1MB of static RAN,
one 3-port Intelligent Serial 1/0 board,
DMA Controllers, a S" 80 track floppy drive.
PRICES
(020 UnlFLEX VH with 25NB HO $10,980.20
(020 UnlfLEX VM with B5H1 HO 112,480.21
rOU CAN EXPAND THESE HO STSTENS NlTHj
(0MB STREAMER I 2,400.00
REMOVABLE PACK DRIVE | 1,200.00
INTELLIGENT I/0S
f 14 3 Port Serlal-30 Pin f 498.14
|I3 4 Port Serlal-51 Pin | (18.13
(12 Parallel-SO Pin | 538.12
CABLE SETS FOR I /OS
| 95 Cable Sets Specify Card J 24.95
| SI Cent. I.P. Cable for |I2 I |44....| 34.51
| S3 Cent. Cable Set | 36.53
The number 39 systems Includei|l5 CPUuDATi f 1 9 Classy
Chassis) 25(x Static RANi a | 43 2 port serial
card I cablest |(8 OKA Controller; all necessary
cables, power regulators, and filler platesi
System | 39 OS-9 GNX II Dual BO DS00...I 2,998.39
W19NB I 4,(98.39
w?2MB | (.298.39
The Software Included In this Systen
GRX8UG monitor! FLEXi and OS-9 GNXII. Tou can
software select either FLEX or OS-9. Also Includes
OS-9 Editor, Assembler, Debugger, 1AS1C-09, RUHB,
RMS. DO, and GMX-VOISK for FLEX,
Systei | 39 UnlFLEX w2SMB } 4,(9B.39
wBSHB I (,298.39
The UnlFLEX Operating Systen Is Included.
(809 STSTEMS USING THE G1NIX III CPU I INTELLIGENT
I/O PROCESSOR BOARDS
These Systei Include: GMX(B09 CPU III; one III
3 port Intelligent serial I/O I Cables; |19
Classy Chassis; 256K Static RAN; |(B DMA
controller; all necessary cables, power
regulators, and filler plates.
Systei | 79 059 GHX III Dual 80 0S0D...I 4,498.79
w2SRB $ (,498.79
mBSHB 1 T,99B.)9
The | 79 Systei Software Includes: 059 GMXI1I;
059 Editor, Assembler. Debugger, BASIC (9, RUXB.
RMS, 00. RAHdlsd, 0-FLEXi GHX8UG; FLEX. The
GNX Support RON and the hardware CRC board are
exclusive features Included In this systei.
Systei | 89 UnlFLEX III w25KB | (,798.39
wB5NB t B.29B.39
The UnlFLEX GHX III Operating Systei Is Included.
5
E
Mj^^the — llStaiV'
Now Offenng *FLEX" (2 Versions)
AND 'STAR-DOS PLUS+ '"
For Otttmrtng Call
(615)842-4600
FROM - DATA-COMP, C.P.I.
A Family of 100% 68XX Support Facilities
The Folks who FIRST Put FLEX" on
The CoCo
vH
t^*>*
&.:>
*
p^^r^
C o1
«* e
**%P
^*" o* 1
M
STAR DOS PLUS +
• Functions Same as FLEX
• Reads • writes FLEX Disk*
• Run FLEX Programs
• Just type: Run 'STAR DOS"
• Over 300 utilities & programs
to choose from
f
TSC Editor
NOW $35.00
L
y)
PLUS
ALL VERSIONS OF FLEX & STAR-DOS
+ Read-Write-Dir RS Disk
+ Run RS Basic from Both
+ More Free UtJities
INCLUDE
+ External Terminal Program
+ Test Disk Program
+ Disk Examine & Repair Program
+ Memoty Examine Program
+ Many Many More!!!
TSC Assembler
(bgtMOO
L
NOW $35 OO
1
CoCo Disk Drive Sgsleuis
2 TH1NLINE DOUBLE SIDiO DOUBLE DENSITY DISK DRIVES
SYSTEM WITN FDUEE SUCI-L* .CAIINtT, 01SI OllVE CARLE. JiH
NEW DISK CONTROLLER JP0-CP VJTH J-OOS.RS-DOS OPERATINC
SYSTEMS. |4*«.»)
• Spiel (y What CONTROLLER You Want JAN, or RADIO SHBCX
TMINLINE DOUBLE S1DE0
DOUBLE DENSITY *0 TRACKS
MK VPCSAOi
FOR C.0,E, P, AND COCO II
RADIO SHACK BASIC I. 2
EAD10 SHACK DISK BASIC 1.1
Verhjhm Diskettes
Sinftlf Sldad Doubl« DtDtity
Deubl* Sided Double Deoelty
Cooli oilers
JtN JPO-CP WITH J-0OS
WITH J-OOS, KS-OOS
RADIO SHACK ] . I
RADIO SHACK Diik CONTROLLER 1.1
Disk Di ive Ciu!>-'>
Ceble for One Drive
Cable for Two Drive*
DISK OltVE CABINET POl A
III*. as
SINGLE (WIVE
DISK DRIVE CAEINET POl TWO
TK1NLINE DRIVES
} 14.00
nirruj
} 14.00
EPSON U-BO
EPSON HX-70
EPSON KX-100
•139. 95
ACOMoaiE* rot ifboc
$119. *»
tiM.aj
61*6 2E SEEIAL BOARD
81*9 32K EXPAND TO I2BK
EPSON MJ-M-UO KIIMNS
413*. aj
EPSON LX-80 ElEtONS
TEACTOE UNITS PO« LX-BO
CABLES 4 •THE* IHTCK/ACKS
CALL POR PRICING
i la.tj
i 24. as
I 29.95
t 24. as
i 24. as
* 4».»5
t ta.as
B2M.9J
•us.aj
$»*i.*i
JI49.95
» s.as
DATA-COMP
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd
Hixson. TN 37343
C3|
SHIPPING tS*
f^:^ d ^" s .| (615)842-4600
n(H. $2.50 'Of OtoWring
Telex 5106006630
s
S - 50 bus / 68XX
Board and/or Computer
Term i nals-CRTs-Pri nters
Disk Drives-etc.
REPAIRS
NOW AVAILABLE TO ALL SS0/68XX USERS
The Data-Corn p Division of DPI is proud to announce the availability of ttieif
service department facilities to 'ALL' $50 Bus and 68XX users Including all
brands, SWTPC • G1MIX - SS3 - HEUX and others, including the single board
computers. 'Please note that kit-built components are a special case, and will
be handed on an individual basis, if accepted
1 II you require service, the first thing you need to do Is call the number
below and describe your problem and confirm a Data-Camp service & shipping
number* This is varv Important, Data-Comp will not accept or repair items not
displaying this number! Also we cannot advise or help you troubteshoot on the
telephone, we can give you a shipping number, but NO advice! Sorry !
2 All service shipments must include both a minimum $40.00
estimate/repair charge and pre-paid return shipping charges (should be same
amount you pay to ship to Data-Comp).
3 II you desire a telephone estimate after your repair item Is received.
Include an additional $5.00 to cover long distance charges. Otherwise an
estimate will be mailed to you, if you requested an estimate Estimates mus!
be requested Mailed estimates slow down the process considerably
However, If repairs are not desired, after the estimate is given, the $40.00 shall
constitute the estimate charge, and the itsm(s) will be returned unrepaired
providing sufficient return shipping charges were included with the item to be
serviced- Please note that estimates are given in dollar amounts only.
4 Data-Comp service is the oldest and most experienced general
S50/68XX service department in the world. We have over $ f 00.000.00 In parts
in stock We have the most complete set of service documents lor the various
S50/S8XX systems of anyone - VET, WE DO NOT HAVE
EVERYTHING! But we sure have mora than anyone else. We repair about
90% of all items we receive Call lor additional information or shipping
instructions.
DATA-COMP
5900 Cassandra Smith Rd.
Hixson.TN 37343
OOO DO
uoooo
coooo
OO r?oO
to OOP
Not This
(615)842-4607
Telex 5106006630
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